An Increasing the Accuracy of Horizontal Coordinates Using Site Calibration Function via GNSS RTK VRS Surveying Technique

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the optimal position of control points for the Site Calibration function by utilizing GNSS RTK VRS surveying technique. The objective is to compare the horizontal coordinate accuracy between coordinates obtained from GNSS RTK Radio surveying, GNSS RTK VRS and GNSS RTK VRS using Site Calibration function. Three control point positioning formats were defined: Format 1, where the control points are aligned parallel to the study area; Format 2, where the control points distributed to cross over the study area; and Format 3, where the control points are distributed to cover the study area. The analysis of horizontal coordinate accuracy from 166 test points showed that coordinates obtained from RTK VRS surveying using Site Calibration Format 3 had the highest accuracy, with a horizontal error of 0.016 meters and an RMSE of 0.034 meters. This accuracy is 1.81 times greater than that of RTK VRS surveying without Site Calibration. The results can serve as a guideline for deciding on optimal position of control points for Site Calibration function in GNSS RTK VRS to achieve coordinated with accuracy consistent with the specified surveying TOR, ensuring coordinate accuracy.