Influencing Factor Analysis for Development Orientations of Electric Vehicle Using FAHP and TOPSIS

Abstract

The development of Electric Vehicles (EV) by utilizing clean energy sources in the transportation sector is a target outlined in sustainable development goals (SDGs), Goal 7, as published by the United Nations (UN) in 2022. The setting of investment guideline for the improvement of infrastructure to support the uses of EV is a significant. The investment policy that sustains economic and social development including investments in charging stations, application utilization, safety enhancement, and trust-building which depends on decision complexity of various parties. The objective of this research is to analyze the influencing factors of the EV transition within economic, environmental, social aspects using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and rank the EV alternatives using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The questionnaire data are the syntheses of academic experts’ judgments working in related organizations. The results indicate that the influencing factors are safety, Value for Money, Value for Engineering, greenhouse gases emission and innovation adoption respectively. The practicable EV models are Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICE) respectively. The result demonstrates that the approach to developing EV in 2023 focuses on BEV. In the long term, a trend moving towards development for FCEV as the technology are more reachable.