The 25th National Convention on Civil Engineering
การจัดการประชุมวิชาการวิศวกรรมโยธาแห่งชาติได้จัดขึ้นต่อเนื่องเป็นประจำทุกปี ตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ. 2538 มาจนถึงปัจจุบันซึ่งเป็นครั้งที่ 25 ในปีนี้จัดขึ้นเพื่อเป็นการเฉลิมฉลองคณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพามีอายุครบ 25 ปี ซึ่งมีกำหนดจัดขึ้นในระหว่างวันที่ 15-17 กรกฎาคม 2563 ณ โรงแรมแอมบาสซาเดอร์ซิตี้ จอมเทียน พัทยา จ.ชลบุรี โดยมีเจ้าภาพร่วมเป็นเครือข่ายมหาวิทยาลัยที่มีความร่วมมือทางวิชาการและการวิจัย ซึ่งจัดการเรียนการสอนด้านวิศวกรรมโยธาในภาคตะวันออก 3 สถาบัน ได้แก่ (i) ภาควิชาวิศวกรรมโยธา คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา (ii) ภาควิชาวิศวกรรมโยธา คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์ศรีราชา มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ วิทยาเขตศรีราชา และ (iii) สาขาวิชาวิศวกรรมโยธา คณะเทคโนโลยีอุตสาหกรรม มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏรำไพพรรณี ร่วมกับ วิศวกรรมสถานแห่งประเทศไทย ในพระบรมราชูปถัมภ์ (ว.ส.ท.) โดยการสนับสนุนของหน่วยงานที่เกี่ยวข้องทางด้านวิศวกรรมโยธาและสถาบันอุดมศึกษาทั่วประเทศ
The Engineering Institute of Thailand Under H.M. The King's Patronage
บทความทั้งหมดที่ได้รับการคัดเลือกให้นำเสนอผลงานในการประชุมวิชาการวิศวกรรมโยธาแห่งชาติ ครั้งที่ 25 นี้ เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของ วิศวกรรมสถานแห่งประเทศไทย ในพระบรมราชูปถัมภ์
The study of flight elevation and speed of UAV Photogrammetric accuracy for mapping.
This study aims to evaluate the effect of flight elevation and speed to accuracy of landfill mapping by using Low-cost Unmanned Arial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. The study site located at landfill site that covers 10 Rai (16,000 square meters). Flight configuration was set up including 80% of frontal overlap and 75% of side overlap at Ground sampling distance (GSD) 3.5 and 5 cm/pixels. The picture trigger modes of UAV’s flight were set to safe mode (stopping to capture) and fast mode (flying to capture). The Ground control points (GCPs) were set up at 5 positions and check point (CPs) were set up at 15 positions, respective. The Agisoft Photoscan Professional V.1.4.4 software was used for data processing in order to generate densified point cloud, digital elevation model, and orthoimage. The accuracy of GCPs and CPs were evaluated by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values and followed the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) 2014 standard. The result showed that GSD at 5 cm/pixel with safe mode gave the best accuracy both horizontal and vertical positions which can be used for the highest accuracy work. For Vertical accuracy evaluation, the result was in the 5-cm vertical accuracy class.
ธีระ ลาภิศชยางกูล
Copyright (c) 2020 The Engineering Institute of Thailand Under H.M. The King's Pratonage
AN APPLICATION OF AERIAL PHOTOS USING THE UAV FOR MODELING OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURE
The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveying for engineering applications can be applied to many types of work such as aerial photos mapping etc. The objective of this research is to evaluate the 3D construction models and the specific front images of Khu Tao Temple, Mae Tom Sub-district, Bang Klam District, Songkhla Province by conducting the UAV survey and showing in form of high accuracy 3D model evaluation. The reason for selection the Khu Tao temple because this temple is planned to renovate following its own ancient architecture. By evaluation of accuracy results of the 3D modeling, it showed that the model had high precision technique for reconstruction ancient temple compared to the ordinary distance measuring with the total station telescope. Moreover, the mentioned results were in the criteria of construction engineering.
พรนรายณ์ บุญราศรี
ปวิตร ฏิระวณิชย์กุล
จิรวัฒน์ จันทองพูน
Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection and Prediction using CA-MARKOV Model
Remote sensing, geographic information system and geospatial modeling plays important role in assessing, detecting and predicting land use/land cover information. The main objectives of the study were to classify, change detecting and predicting land use/land cover from satellite imagery. To fulfil the objectives, land use/land cover during 2017 to 2019 was firstly classified into 5 classes (urban and build up, agricultural, forest, miscellaneous area and water body) from Sentinel-2A. Therefrom, land use/land cover was detected changes between 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Finally, land use/land cover 2020 was predicted by CA-MARKOV model. As results, an accuracy assessment of prediction model for predicting land use/land cover 2020 provided overall accuracy and kappa hat coefficient about 80.46% and 76.70%, respectively. According to land use/land cover change detected data between 2019-2020, agricultural area, urban and build up area and water body were increase with 6,009 rai, 287 rai and 716 rai, respectively while forest area and miscellaneous area tends to decrease in the future were 5,687 rai and 1,326 rai, respectively. The integration of Remote sensing, geographic information system technology with geospatial models can be used as an efficiently tools to classify, to detect change and to predict land use/land cover.
ติณณ์ ถิรกุลโตมร
วิลาวัณย์ ประสมทรัพย์
อธิวัฒน์ ภิญโญยาง
The Study of UAV-Photogrammetric Accuracy for Mapping Based on Variation of Ground Control Points
This study focuses on the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry for assessing the influence of distribution and number of Ground Control Points (GCP) that affect the accuracy of mapping. The study site is final disposal site, which located in Nakorn Pathom province, 33 rai (5.28 ha). This study specified total of the GCP and Check Points (CPs) at 37 points, Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) at 5 cm/pixel, and flight configurations of 80% - frontal overlap and 75% - side overlap. The Agisoft PhotoScan Professional V.1.4.4 program was used for generating densified point cloud, digital elevation model, and orthoimage. The distribution formats of GCP were set to Edge distribution, Central distribution, Corner distribution, Half distribution, X-distribution, and Grid distribution. The best accuracy for horizontal and vertical positions were obtained from Grid distribution format. After that, this research studied the appropriate amount of GCP at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16, respectively. The results show increased accuracy in both horizontal and vertical direction as the number of GCP increases and begins to stabilize when there are more than 8 GCP. According to the ASPRS 2014 standard, the obtained digital orthophoto can be used for the highest accuracy work. The vertical accuracy is defined at 5 cm-vertical accuracy class.
รัฐภูมิ ตั้งภูมิจิต
Application of Multi-Head Oblique Cameras on UAV to Delineate of Building Footprint
This article discusses the application of using oblique images from multi-head oblique cameras which are installed on a VTOL (Vertical Take-off and Landing) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to survey building footprints for civil engineering design and urban planning. The system consists of two cameras which align obliquely with the nadir and the flight direction. The two cameras are tied on camera-rig equipment and are positioned by using relative translation and relative rotation. The image acquisition is designed to be a single grid flight path with 80% front overlap and 60% side overlap, while the two cameras take pictures simultaneously. The result shows that the accuracy of building footprints from oblique images surveying is comparable to that of ground survey methods and is sufficient to display on 1:1,000 scale map and smaller.
จเด็จ ไพศาลสิทธิกานต์
ไพศาล สันติธรรมนนท์
Mapping Flood using Open Data and Open Source Software
This research presents a method of data processing from open data with open-source software for extracting flood boundary areas in Ubon Ratchathani Province. We can use flooding area data as a flood hazard data layer to test “Landscan” data processing, which is highly detailed population distribution data. We verify the accuracy with the population data of the Department of Provincial Administration in finding the population that is affected by the floods. Searching for the area that has received the most significant damage from flooding, we apply the Sentinel-1 satellite from the European Union. We can easily download the data for analysis as quickly as data available without any charge and use open-source software such as SNAP and QGIS programs for integrating use, enabling processing at every step without hindrances in terms of software and hardware. As by the results, the highest flooding area in Ubon Ratchathani province is on 11 September 2019, with a total flooding area of around ​​346.70 square kilometers or approximately 216,688.13 rai. The analysis result of 29 September 2019, compared with the flood area data analyzed by the Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency, have a different area of ​​approximately 20.40 square kilometers or 12,750 rai. Subsequently, when analyzing the population data in Ubon Ratchathani province that is processed using “Landscan” data, the total population is 1,615,388 people. When analyzed, the people affected by the flooded area is 37.14 percent of the whole province population with deviations from compared with the data of the Bureau of Registration Administration, Department of Local Administration, at 13 percent. Besides, we can apply the results from the research to find the trend of flooding areas exposure to prepare for prevention timely surveillance of population evacuation to reduce the occurrence of the wide effect. However, the use of data from open sources must be done carefully and checked before using it as the assessment of the situation is at an acceptable level.
ภัทรรุตม์ สุขพานิช
กัญจน์ อัศวพิภพไพศาล
สุณัฐชา จันทร์พิศาล
Creating 3D models to estimate the volume of trees using UAV, a case study of Foxtail palm
This research aims to create 3D models to estimate the volume of trees using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), a case study of Foxtail palm. The process of surveying aerial images using UAV together with processing using the Open Drone Map to create a 3D model to estimate the volume of Foxtail palm. This research compares the volume obtained between the Open Drone Map open-source software and Agisoft Photoscan commercial software. After that, we collect the chest diameter and height of the Foxtail using the theodolite to evaluate the accuracy at Obtained from UAV and compare the results with the diameter measurement at chest height. From researching the volume of the foxtail tree, we found that the volume of the Foxtail tree obtained from the Open Drone Map open-source software compared to Agisoft Photoscan's commercial software has a difference of 0.008 cubic meters or +2.52%, which considered to be similar. Besides, when comparing the volume of Fogtail by the Open Drone Map open-source software with the theodolite, we found the percentage of difference about 0.003 cubic meters or +1.33%. Therefore, to find the volume of other tree species, the proposed method can be applied to replace the traditional tree surveying field due to the high resolution and convenience of UAV for data collection. The use of UAV in this way has the advantage of finding volumes cut/fill in the construction site, and apply to the variety of other engineering fields.
ELEVATION MEASUREMENTS OF BENCHMARKSBESIDE THE RURAL ROADALONGTHE WESTCOAST OF CHUMPHON PROVINCE BY GNSS METHOD
Elevations of objects or ground points above mean sea level are determined by GNSS network method instead of conventional leveling, after the Development of Precise Geoid Model of Thailand. The project area is about 20 kilometers far from the first order of benchmark determined by Royal Thai Survey Department. Seventeen permanent benchmarks are constructed beside the rural road along the west coast of Chumphon Province by spacing about 500 meters. Measuring geographic coordinates of temporary points nearby seventeen benchmarks by static method, observing simultaneously at least 1 hours (by technique of relative positioning).Compute geoid undulation from TGM2017 and compute elevations by GNSS method. Measuring elevations of benchmarks by the method of three wires closed circuit differential leveling by level instrument. Measuring elevations by GNSS method is equal or better than 12 mm√Kor Order 3 (leveling). Elevations above mean sea level by GNSS method is faster than leveling method for this project area.
รณชัย บำเพ็ญอยู่
อรุณยุพา บัวทรัพย์
COMPARISON OF ELEVATION MEASUREMENTS BETWEEN GNSS AND LEVELING METHODALONG YOM RIVER PHRAE PROVINCE
According to the Development of Precise Geoid Model of Thailand, elevations of objects or ground points are determined by GNSS network method instead of conventional leveling. Six permanent monuments are constructed on bridges and on ground along Yom river Mueang District Phrae Province for this project. Measuring geographic coordinates of monuments by static method, observing simultaneously at least 1 hours (by technique of relative positioning). Compute geoid undulation from TGM2017 and compute elevations by GNSS method. Measuring elevations of monuments by the method of closed circuit differential leveling by digital level. After comparing elevations by both method. The RMSE of elevations by GNSS method is equal to 0.027 meter or better than 12mm√Kor Order 3 (leveling). Elevations by GNSS method is better than leveling method for this project area.
Surveying and Mapping for Design and Setting out Plant of Suratpathong Surat Thani Province
Setting four horizontal and vertical control points distributed over the project area, reference to two GPS monuments of Department of Rural Roads. The accuracy of control points are better than Order C1-II of FGCC1989. Photogrammetric mapping by drone and Pix 4D Program. For mapping, coordinates and elevations of objects and ground points are determined from Orthophotos and also by Robotic Total Station and by RTK. By checking 9 well-defined points, map accuracy conforms to Equivalent Map Scale 1:500 for Standards of EIT and ASPRS at 95% confidence level. And setting out coordinates of buildings as specified in designed map for 11 points at 95% confidence level, conforming to Standards of EIT and FGDC Geospatial Positioning Standards.
Comparison of the Elevations by GNSS with Thailand Geoid Model 2017 and Leveling
Elevations above mean sea level of points are determined by GNSS method from the relationship between ellipsoidal height and geoid undulation. Geoid undulation of points is computed from TGM2017. The project area is at Khao Noi Subdistrict, Tha Muang District, Kanchanaburi Province. Elevations of six points in the project area are first order benchmarks determined by The Royal Thai Survey Department. Elevations of the same six points are observed by GNSS method. Comparison of elevations by both methods found that RMSE of elevations by GNSS method is equal to 0.023 meter which is better than 12mm√K (third order leveling specification). Determination of elevations by GNSS method save cost and time compared to leveling method.
ปฏิภาณ เชื่อมั่น
บุรินทร์ ทับสายทอง
สุทธิโชค หิรัตพรม
Application of UAVs Surveying for Rock volume measurement at Khao Bandai Nang quarry Songkhla Province
This article presents the study of UAVs surveying for rock volume measurement in quarrying. The objective of study the application of UAVs images processing for the calculated volume of rock at the quarry and to compare the volume of the rock with UAVs Photogrammetry from many different GCPs by using GNSS RTK network. The study area at Khao Bandai Nang quarry Songkhla Province. Which has a flying height of 120 meters above the terrain. A total of 250 images average ground sampling distance (GSD) about 3.38 cm. The mean reprojection error is 0.138 pixels. The results were DSM and Ortho imagery with 3.38 cm. resolution. And used DSM to calculate the volume of rock in a quarry by 3d analysis tool result by without the GCP was 1,100,405.80 cu m. the method of using 1GCP was 1,194,680.07 cu m., 2GCPs was 194,893.64 cu m., 3GCPs was 1,194,701.21 cu m., 4GCPs was 1,194,099.52 cu m. And with Survey by UAVs Photogrammetry standard 5GCPs was 1,765,878.93 cu m. 6GCPs was 1,765,801.67 cu m.
ต่อลาภ การปลื้มจิตร
วีระวัฒน์ เกตุทอง
ณัฐวุฒิ พูลภักดี
ศุภกิตติ์ พรหมเมศร์
THE EFFECT OF COASTAL CHANGE BY PABUK STORM SURGE IN SUB-CELL E5-RYG
The coastline of Thailand is approximately 3,151 kilometers in length. According to the 2017 Coastal Status Report from Department of Marine and Coastal Resources still has an area of erosion 145.73 kilometers. The problem of coastal erosion requires a clear database of coastal. This research therefore surveyed to create coastline and beach cross section to analyze coastal changes in each season by Real Time Kinematics (RTK) with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). In the case study of Sub-Cell E5-RYG (MAPTAPHUT- MAERUMPUNG, KON AO) then export data to analyze and comparison the coastal change before and after the effect of Pabuk storm surge. From this study found that the coastal accretion 0.005 km2 and erosion 0.048 km2. The results of the study demonstrate that the area is risk for coastal erosion problems. There should be surveillance and monitoring coastal status in the long term in order to plan and mitigate future disasters.
3D maps designed for visually impaired students
Moving from place to place within a school can pose a significant challenge to visually impaired students. If they can familiarize themselves with the physical environment of the school, they would be less likely to suffer accidents in their movement within the school. To this end, they can be trained to grasp the positions and orientation of buildings, structures, and other important elements of the school and to move reliably in the directions that connect them. The research presented here involves a test of sensing variables. It begins by creating a 3D map of the buildings in in the Northern school for the blind under the patronage of the Queen, Chiang Mai Province. Then students are trained to grasp the symbols and details in the map. Finally, the students are tested by moving to targeted place and questionnaires and interviews that are related to seven criteria of learning efficacy. The results show: Satisfaction of user: 86% Ease of use: 84% Understanding of 3D map details: 86% Suitability of legend: 86% size: 76% materials: 76% Practical utility of the map: 84% The overall response from interviewees was good. The 3D maps produced are also used to teach students in the Blind Rehabilitation Academy to become familiar with their environment and movements.
สันติชัย นำพลสัก
A development and calibration techniques of high accuracy 3D Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) of Hydro Informatics Institute (HII).
This article presents a development of 3D mapping from surveying technology called “Mobile Mapping System (MMS)” and its calibration. The calibration techniques use total station camera, terrestrial laser scanners and a computer measuring machine (CMM) to get high accuracy of Lever Arm and Bore Sight with comparing to the system center. Then, ground control points (GCPs) on the testing area are created by a total station camera. After testing the MMS, the data will be corrected and processed by using Qinertial program together with the calibrated Lever Arm and Bore Sight data. The processing results can give two type of data which are 360 degree of the surveying object photos, and point cloud data. At 15 meters apart, the MMS surveying technique could give an accuracy results on the horizontal position of +/- 5 cm and on the vertical position of +/- 7 cm by comparing with GCP.
ณัฐกิตติ์ เสงี่ยม
Estimation of wet direct-seeding rice Evapotranspiration in Irrigated Areas of Chao Phraya Basin by using remote sensing technology
Evapotranspiration of plants is one of the important data for planning water allocation in agricultural irrigation system in term of suitability for storage amount and efficient supply. This research aims to estimation of wet direct-seeding rice Evapotranspiration in the irrigated areas of Chao Phraya Basin. The study the relationship between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from sentinel-2 satellite imagery and Crop Coefficient (Kc) referenced from Royal Irrigation Department by using simple linear regression analysis and and ET value calculation through multiplying Crop Coefficient (Kc) derived from NDVI and Reference Crop Evapotranspiration (ETo). The result of the study on paddy field samples indicates that the minimum value of Kc derived from NDVI is 0.8162, meanwhile, the maximum value is 1.6366 and the average value is 1.3321. Whereas, the minimum value of ET, calculated by Kc derived from NDVI is 3.1079 mm/day, the maximum value is 6.9011 mm/day and the average value is 5.4411 mm/day.
ณัฐพล เย็นสกุลสุข
Evaluation Orthometric Height derived from GNSS CORS network using various Geoid Model
This study focuses on assessing the accuracy of the orthometric heights using GNSS Network-based Real Time Kinematic (NRTK) with different geoid model; the local model (TGM17) and global model (EGM2008, EGM96). And evaluate the accuracy of observed orthometric heights with the elevation information of primary benchmarks of the Royal Thai Survey Department. The lower Chao Phraya River basin was selected to be the study area and carried out in Kinematic technique; Virtual Reference Station (VRS). The results have shown, the comparison differences between the estimated orthometric heights with the geoid model from NRTK and the primary benchmarks elevation are shown the RMSE of 0.030 m, 0.841 m and 0.933 m for TGM17, EGM2008 and EGM96 respectively. From these results, orthometric height estimated from NRTK with the local geoid model (TGM17) could archive better accuracy than any global geoid model. Therefore, the potential of the CORS network with a local geoid model can be one of the better options for any survey works and also can be the shorty measurement base on mean sea level as well.
พงษ์ศักดิ์ จินดาศรี
พัชราวดี จิตสุทธิ
RISK ASSESSMENT OF URBAN TREES USING A TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING TECHNOLOGY
Tree risk assessment is a qualification that can be done from risk assessment by teaching the assessor to follow a consistent pattern in the tree inspection. If the tree risk assessor has good qualifications. Can evaluate trees properly, neutral, resulting in healthy trees in the city, Reduce heat, reduce pollution and improve the quality of life of urban people. The researcher therefore aims to use Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) technology to improve the accuracy of risk assessment of trees. By selecting 4 Rain tree planted by Rama 9 in Chulalongkorn University with a height of 15-20 meters Create a tree model in a single tree pattern from TLS data. Processed with the Scan Master software in 3D point cloud system. And then fill in the Tree Risk Assessment form of the level 2 Basic Tree Risk Assessment
The Processing and Monitoring Drought In-Season Economic Crop by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Anomaly Analysis Tool
The objective of this research is to present the method, guidelines, and tools for analyzing and monitoring the effects of in-season drought during the economic crop season. The analysis based on the weekly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from "the automated processing system for the determination of drought risk areas" (Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency) between 2013 - 2018 in the form of the weekly baseline of NDVI pixels. They are assessing the anomaly of the drought in 2562 (the highest drought in 50 years) and analysis of the effected ratio of the provincial agriculture area. It also displays the area and quantity of the affected by pixels (1x1square kilometers)—besides, the suggested method for 2020 in-season monitoring (sugarcane case study)—the monitoring tool for processing the serviced data for the national researcher are explained through the main content and the conclusion part of this study. The anomaly of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can be inferred that the area where the plants appear to be incompleted or reduced is the area where the plants are facing with drought.
ธีรวัฒน์ ปานช้างไชยสิทธิ์
The Analysis of a Change in Temperature of Thailand in 10 Years
This research displays the processing of land surface temperature of the Thailand region continuously from 2002 to 2020. This land surface temperature measured from a satellite system of VIIRS (Suomi NPP) in a 1 km resolution used to build the baseline temperature and displays a monthly change of surface temperature of Thailand continuously to the 20 years drought severity in 2019 and temperature anomaly to 2020. Every processing procedure, which used to calculate the baseline temperature and temperature anomaly, is built as a tool for Thai researchers. Besides, researchers to process the land surface temperature data from the automated service of the Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency in which building more knowledge to monitor and resilience the drought severity in the future. The detail of the use of a tool already explains in the conclusion of the paper.
Improving Urban Tree Species Classification from High-Resolution Aerial Imagery by Using Longitudinal Profiles and Ancillary Data from Airborne Lidar
The observation and sustainable management of tree has always been vital and challenging for urbanized areas as it plays an important role in all aspects. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Thailand has an average green space per capita lower standard. Therefore, the study of the distribution of trees and the classification of tree species in the urban area is extremely important. This paper presents an urban tree species classification from high-resolution aerial imagery using decision tree method, longitudinal profiles, and additional data from airborne lidar. Found that, the classification by using both data sources can improve the accuracy That providing overall accuracy is 83.34% and has a Kappa Statistics 0.833 or more. Also, the trees’ classification is more useful for separation in other urban areas and this can be used for tree management in tropical cities.
สุภาภรณ์ รักษาล้ำ
Estimation of the solar energy by Digital Terrain Model data from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
The ability to generate electricity is in contrast to the demand for electricity in Thailand. This causes a wide range to the development of alternative energy such as solar, water, and wind. Therefore, this study aims to study a preliminary of applying technology to survey the amount of solar energy by using the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) over the Rajamangala University of Technology Isan. This study presents a technic for calculating the amount of Solar Energy per Area Solar Radiation by using the DTM. As the results from calculating the DTM, the maximum and minimum Solar Energy is 5,670.96 MWh and 2.65927 MWh, respectively. After eliminating some noise from the DTM, the maximum and minimum Solar Energy is 5,645.61 MWh and 382.715 MWh, respectively. The result from adjusted DTM was classified into five levels associated with Geometrical interval. It is showed that the open area in the west and south of the University (totally 22,869.04 m2) are the places that receive the highest amount of Solar Energy. The explored result of this study can be proposed to prioritize the areas for the field surveying afterwards. It would be able to reduce the time of field surveying over the suitable areas for the Solar Farm installation.
ศิลาภรณ์ จันทะลุน
ภาณุวิชญ์ เอ็นดู
Surveying to find the level of Raphiphat Yak Tok roads using MMS technology
The survey technology currently in use has been greatly improved. One of the main topics of survey development is the speed of data acquisition. Hydro-Informatics Institute (HII) has developed Mobile Mapping System (MMS) technology for use in surveying area levels and creating 3D maps. This research has applied MMS to analyze for water management by finding the appropriate and limitation of the system so that it can be used efficiently. Specify the survey area, which is the Raphiphat Yak Tok to compare the results of MMS with Real Time Kinematic (RTK) measurements. The test area has a distance of 14 kilometers. The survey found that the results of both systems have similar changes. The time spent in the survey found that surveying with MMS took 12 times less time than the RTK survey. Both surveys have an RMSE 0.386, which is considered to be near zero, indicating that there is a correlation between the changes. The introduction of the MMS surveying system for level determination is therefore a system that provides fast results in order to use the level data to be analyzed for urgent water management services.
ปานฤทัย ตั้งประเสริฐ
Evaluation of Consolidation Degree for Soft Bangkok Clay by the Asaoka Method
Ground improvement of soft clay by prefabricated vertical drains with preloading is one of the most widely-used methods in the world especially in Thailand, there are the mega projects using this technique such as the Bangkok-Chonburi motorway project, the outer Bangkok ring road project and the ground improvement for airside pavements project at Suvarnabhumi international airport. Evaluation of consolidation degree is very important as one of the indicators for making decision prior to the removal of preloading. This analysis can be estimated by field observational methods from settlement data of surface settlement plates. The field settlement data can be analyzed by the Asaoka method to predict the ultimate settlement of soft Bangkok clay under preloading. Back-Analysis of the settlement data will yield horizontal coefficient of consolidation. The objective of this paper is to study on the various factors that affect prediction by the Asaoka evaluation method. The results show that in the Asaoka method, the value of ultimate settlement increases, consolidation degree and horizontal coefficient of consolidation decrease as a longer period of evaluation is used. Interval of time for readings is not affected on prediction of ultimate settlement, consolidation degree and horizontal coefficient of consolidation. Furthermore, settlement curve with time can be plotted easily by back calculation equation that agrees well with field data.
สินาด โกศลานันท์
ชัยศาสตร์ สกุลศักดิ์ศรี
Accuracy assessment of Antecedent Precipitation Model (AP-Model) for landslide early warning system
Geotechnical Engineering Research and Development Center (GERD), Faculty of Civil Engineering, Kasetsart University has developed a Critical Rainfall Threshold by studying various landslide location and collecting rainfall data from events to create the relationship between rainfall accumulated in 3 days and rainfall on the day of landslide incident. The threshold uses Antecedent Precipitation Model (AP-Model) to analyze landslide susceptibility areas. The AP-Model creates a map for landslide early warning system. The model is analyzed by the use of predictive rainfall dataset of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) by Hydro Informatics Institute to calculate a cumulative rainfall of 3 days and compare it with the Critical Rainfall Threshold. Thelimitation of the rainfall dataset usage affects the model because the predictive rainfall dataset of WRF model is only 69 percent accurate. This limitation may reduce accuracy of AP-model for landslide early warning system. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the accuracy of the AP-Model for landslide early warning system by ROC method and comparing statistical data of landslide with simulate landslide susceptibility areas of the AP-model during 2014 to 2019. This result shows that area under curve (AUC) of landslide probability 20-50% and more than 50% is 0.736 and 0.639 that means good and medium respectively.
Installation of Geotechnical Instruments for Finite Element Analysis of an Old ​​​Reservoir: A Case Study of Klong Tha-ngiew Reservior, Trang
This paper presents the stability analysis of Tha-ngiw Reservoir, located in Trang. It began by investigating the data obtained from the geotechnical instruments installed, including piezometers, observation wells, and standard rain gauges. Then, it was used to analyse its behaviour using the finite element method via Plaxis. The model was created by referring to the drawings and the actual dimensions in the field at current conditions. After that, the water level was varied between the lowest and highest. The results showed that the reservoir is still intact when the water level was the highest. When the water level was the lowest because of rapid decrease of water level,settlements and deformations occur at the front of the reservoir. These were quite useful for that they can be employed in order to prevent the damage of old reservoirs. In addition, the results could be used in the design of a new reservoir so that the rapid change of water level would not trigger the damage.
วิษุวัฒน์ อายุสุข
ภาณุ พร้อมพุทธางกูร
Two-Dimensional Flow Characteristics through Soil and Flow Net from Physical Model Tests
Seepage through soil in the field is usually two-dimensional. In order to determine the discharge and pore water pressure for the two-dimensional flow, it is common to construct a flow net first. This research developed two scaled-down physical models, which are 1) sheet pile for an excavation work and 2) dike, for studying of two-dimensional flow of water through soil and developing the flow net. The modelled two-dimensional flow was under steady state condition. In the test, the water level at the downstream side was kept constant, while the one at the upstream side was varied so that the discharge and pore water pressure are different. A number of open-standpipes were used to read the pore water pressure (u) at various locations in soil. The recorded u values were analyzed with a computer program to develop a contour of head, and thus the equipotential. Besides, the colored water was used to determine the flow line from the experiment. By combining the equipotential and flow line obtained as the above, the flow net was developed. Then, the discharge was calculated from the experimentally obtained flow net. By comparing the results with the ones analyzed by SEEP/W program, it was found that all the outcomes, i.e., 1) equipotential; 2) flow line; 3) flow net; and 4) discharge, are very similar. Thus, the two physical models developed in this research and the experimental results can be used as an educational media for students in the undergraduate level.
วรกมล บัวแสงจันทร์
ฐิติยารัตน์ นนทวงศ์
Development of Bidirectional Tilt Table for Testing of Interface Shear Strength Property
The interface shear strength is an important parameter that is always used in the design of most of the geotechnical structures. Nowadays, many geotechnical engineers usually use the approximate values instead of the real value obtained from a relevant test. This leads to inconsistencies between the calculated value and real field value. This research aims to study and develop a tilt table for determining bidirectional interface shear strength for the low normal stress condition between sand and structural surfaces, which are mortar, plywood, and non-woven geotextile. Then, the coefficients of friction were compared with the values obtained for the high normal stress condition, which were obtained by the interface direct shear tests. The results from the tilt table tests shows that failure envelopes were circular, with the radius increases with increasing normal stress. However, it was found that the coefficients of friction from the interface direct shear test are significantly higher than the ones from the tilt table test.
กังวาน กานดาวรวงศ์
ธนวรรณ แจ้งกระจ่าง
ยศพล เปมานุกรรักษ์
Prediction of creep behaviour from stress relaxation behaviour of a sand under triaxial compression
Creep behaviour of granular materials is related to the viscosity of material. The viscous properties can be evaluated by stepwise changing the strain rate and performing sustained loading during monotonic loading (ML) at a constant strain rate and also by ML tests at different constant values of strain rate. This study, uses the experimental and analysis results from a previous study for determining the appropriate parameters for simulations of long-term creep and stress relaxation. The creep behaviour can be predicted by stress relaxation behaviour, which is performed for a much shorter period. The non-linear three-component (NTC) model was used to simulate time histories of creep strain and stress relaxation. The simulated creep duration and stress relaxation duration are equal to 10 years/stage. Systematic relationships between the elapsed times and the irreversible strain increments in sustained loading (SL) and stress relaxation (SR) simulation necessary to reach the same irreversible strain rate were developed. There are two sets of relation for analysing the predicted long-term time history of creep strain from a short-term time history of stress relaxation. The first set is the relationship between time for creep and time for stress relaxation. It can convert the time for stress relaxation to the time for creep at the same irreversible strain rate. The second set is the relationship for the irreversible strain. The time histories of creep, which were predicted from stress relaxation behaviour tend to increase with an increase of stress ratio. Moreover, the prediction in this framework was well simulated.
โฆษิต จริยาทัศน์กร
Effects of tensile strength and spacing of biaxial geogrids on the compressive strength and deformation of reinforced sand
The current concept design method of a geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) structure shows thatthe behavior of GRS structure reinforced with the same ratio of the reinforcement strength (Tult) toreinforcement spacing (Sv) provides the same result. However, many studies showed that this design concept is not very correct. Most of the previous studies are focusing on plane strain compression tests on soil reinforced with geotextile. In this study, biaxial geogrids, which are made from polyester having four different tensile strengths (i.e. 40, 60, 80 and 120 kN/m), wereused in reinforced sand specimens for triaxial compression test. In this study, the Tult/Sv values or TVR values 500, 1000 and 1500 kN/m/m, and thus the reinforcement arrangement pattern depends on the TVR value. This study aims to investigate the effect of Tult on the compressive strength when Tult is varied while TVR is fixed and the effect of TVR ratio when Tult is fixed. The results from this study show that the compressive strength increased by increasing TVR at the same Tult. Contrary, the compressive strength decreased by increasing Tult while keeping the same TVR. Also, the reinforcement spacing plays a much more important role than strength of reinforcement in a reinforced sand. Moreover, the sand reinforced with low Tult and low Sv provides the lower lateraldeformation than the sand reinforced with high Tult and high Sv.
อรอนง สุมะนัสชัย
Engineering Characteristics of Rubber-modified and Styrene Acrylic-modified Cemented Soil
Currently, the methods of improving soil properties are various and have been widely used. The purpose of this project was to investigate the properties of soil improved with rubber-modified Cemented Soil and styrene-acrylic modified Cemented composite. In this study, Quarry by-product as unstandardized materials under the requirements stipulated by Department of Highways were tested to improve soil properties by using the ratio of the mixture as follows: 2 % cement to soil weight; 50% water and rubber to 50 % soil weight; 50% water and styrene-acrylic to soil weight. Then, this study conducted two tests for comparison, namely: Compaction Protor Test , Unconfined Compression test and Capillary rise test. Curing period of the samples was 7 days. The testing results showed that Maximum Dry Density of styrene-acrylic modified cemented Soil were higher than those of rubber-modified cemented Soil. Unconfined Compressive Strength of styrene-acrylic modified cemented Soil was higher than rubber-modified cemented Soil. Capillary rise test of styrene-acrylic modified cemented Soil was higher than rubber-modified cemented Soil
ไอรดาภรณ์ หาดแก้ว
ทวีศักดิ์ แตะกระโทก
พีรพงศ์ จิตเสงี่ยม
Application of steel tube micro-piles as heat exchanging energy piles for air-conditioning system of a residential building
Energy piles serves two purposes, namely, (1) bearing the building load and transferring it to the competent foundation soil layer and reducing settlement (2) transferring the heat (or coolness) from the air-conditioning system into the ground. Since the ground has much better heat transferring property and heat capacity than that of air, and in Thailand, the ground temperature ranges between 28-30 degrees Celsius throughout the year, the ground thus can be used to absorb the heat from condensing unit of air-conditioning system in Thailand. In this study, the steel tube micropile (6” diameter) was used as energy pile to transfer heat from air-conditioning system of a residential house. The installation of 13 energy piles to depth of 17-18 m embedded in the sand layer was explained. The results of thermal response test indicated the thermal conductivity of about 1.49-2 Watts/m/Celsius. Based on preliminary analysis, it is expected that this set of energy piles can be used as ground source heat exchanger for 9000 BTU/hr air conditioning system without causing the temperature at the pile perimeter to rise above 6 degree Celsius for 24 hour operation time in 6 months.
อภินิติ โชติสังกาศ
อรรถพร วิเศษสินธุ์
สกาวรัตน์ สัตยานันท์
Influence of lagging distance on ground surface settlement due to mechanized twin tunneling - 3D numerical simulation
The predictions of ground surface settlement due to mechanized twin tunneling is necessary for establishing the suitable countermeasure during excavation. The predictions are often done by superposition of settlement curves (commonly in form of Gaussian distribution) from excavation of each individual tunnel. However, only the distance between two tunnels in parallel is considered in the current method. The lagging distance, which has also the effect on ground surface settlement, has not been taken into account. Thus, this research investigates the influence of lagging distance on ground surface behavior to get insight into this behavior and provide a basic understanding for further improvement of prediction. Series of parametric study by 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) on the validated prototype case is conducted. The parameters of the Metropolitan Rapid Transit Chaloem Ratchamongkhon Line (MRT Blue Line) projects, e.g. soil profile, tunnel characteristic, are used to model in this study. In the analyses, the lagging distance (longitudinal direction) and distance between the two tunnels (transverse direction) are varied.
ทิพวรรณ อิ่มเอิบ
ประทีป หลือประเสริฐ
พรเกษม จงประดิษฐ์
Effects of plant transpiration on surface movement of adjacent infrastructure
Most of infrastructures, including pavements and pipelines, in Bangkok are located on soft clay areas. Damages on those structures were reported and found to be related to seasonal shrinkage and swelling of the soft clay. The severity rate may be multiplied when plant roots are present. The root water-uptake can magnify the pore water pressure (PWP) variations and hence enhance soil volume change. This can cause more differential settlement to new and existing infrastructure. In the past, safety distance between plants and infrastructure were based on the height of trees but ignored any variation of PWP. Consideration of the PWP variation induced by plants would promote better and more sustainable design of new and existing infrastructures. This paper will investigate the effects of plant transpiration on the safety and serviceability of adjacent infrastructure. The new modeling approach will be introduced to simulate PWP variations from different plant species. The hydraulic boundaries will be created along the depth parallel to ground surface. This allows different total heads to be assigned and validated against comprehensive field data observed during seasonal drying and wetting. To model coupled and highly-nonlinear hydro-mechanical behavior, hypoplastic model for unsaturated soil will be adopted. The finite element mesh will be created to model flat ground and soil parameters will be calibrated with existing datasets from laboratory tests in the literature. The results will focus on settlement and moment distribution of adjacent infrastructure induced by different plant species.
พัฒนพงศ์ จารุกมล
Effects of Sampling Disturbance on Effective Strength Parameters of Soft Bangkok Clay
This paper presents the effects of sampling procedure on undrained shear strength ( ) and the effective stress parameter of soft Bangkok clay collected using Shelby tube in Bangkok, Thailand. The influential factors on the effective stress parameters of undisturbed samples, considered in this study, are the method of sampling, transportation and storage. These factors can cause a difference in effective stress parameters from in-situ conditions to laboratory condition. In order to obtain the effective stress associated with undrained shear strength ( ) in laboratory condition, undrained compression test was conducted and during testing tensiometers were used to measure soil suction or negative pore water pressure. Field vane shear test was used to measure the undrained shear strength ( ) in in-situ state. According to the results it reveals that, when the Su value is modified using plastic index, undisturbed sample <img class="s20" src="[binary]
ณัฐสิทธิ์ ทองเลิศ
Properties of lateritic soil replaced by bottom ash for highway material
This research aims to study the use of bottom ash which is a by-product from power generation process as a replacement of lateritic soil for base or sub-base. The grain size distributions of lateritic soil were selected as Type B and C based on the subbase standard of Highway Department. The bottom ash was obtained from BLCP power plant, Rayong. The bottom ash replacement ratio is 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 percent for Type B and that of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 percent for Type D. The physical properties, compaction properties and strength using California Bearing Ratio test and Direct Shear test of lateritic soil and lateritic soil replaced with bottom ash were investigated. It is found that the maximum dry density decreased with the increasing of the replacement ratio whereas the optimum water content increased with the increasing of the replacement ratio for both types of soil. For the results of CBR test, it was found that when lateritic soil replaced by bottom ash at 30 percent for type B and 50 percent for type D showed the highest CBR values which passed the subbase condition. Moreover, the bottom ash has little effect on internal friction angle and cohesion, both values slightly decreased with the increasing of replacement ratio. It can be concluded that bottom ash can be used as replacement of lateritic soil for highway material.
อรฑิฌา จันทร์สิงห์
Correlation between Electrical Resistivity and Undrained Shear Strength For Analysis of Canal Embankment Road in Bangkok Soft Clay Area
Canal embankment road that is constructed in Bangkok Soft Clay area which cover among 14 provinces of the central and the east of Thailand. During the drought every year, there are several roads collapsed because the water level in canals decreases rapidly. The government must pay the large amount of budget for repair and prevent recurrence. Accordingly, the slope stability analysis is one method of remedy the problem. Recently, the parameters of soil is used for analysis, design and remedy the problem. The data obtained from Soil Boring Test which the field Investigation. The test results are only a few points to represent the soil layer for slope stability analysis. Resistivity survey is one of the tools that used to explore the underground geological in wide area. This tool use for measure Electrical Resistivity of soil however this tool cannot estimate the shear strength. In consequence, this research studied the Correlation between Electrical Resistivity and Undrained Shear Strength (Su) by screw driving sounding test (SDS). When knowing the value of Shear Strength of the soil layer, we can be converted to other parameters such as Cohesion (C), Friction angle (∅) and Unconfined compressive strength (qu).
ทวีพงษ์ สุขสวัสดิ์
ANALYSIS OF MAT SETTLEMENT FOR HIGH-RISE BUILDING WITH 3D FEM
This paper presents results of the research on behavior of mat foundation of a high-rise building. The force from super structures, pile load test on bored pile of 1000 mm and 1500 mm,and settlement monitoring from starting of construction until the end of the construction were recorded and analyzed. The settlement character of mat is dish shape with maximum settlement at about center of the mat. The observed settlement is about 6 time higher than the settlement from single pile load test at the design load. Therefore, the research focuses on back analysis procedure to obtain appropriate Young’s modulus by using 3D FEM program PLAXIS 3D which the data from the pile load test results was found that the obtained values were lower than the back analysisby foundation settlement. Moreover, the research studied the effects of the pile configuration per settlement and bending moment in mat by using join analysis between structural analysis programs ETABS and PLAXIS 3D, it was found that the pile configuration which variable pile length can reduce the differential settlement and bending moment within the mat.
ยอดตะวัน รักษารมย์
INFLUENCE OF DEGRADATION ON MOBILIZED SHEAR STRENGTH OF SILTSTONE FOR SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS
This paper presents weathering behaviors of siltstone during cut and fill construction, which could affect the stability of slope. The siltstone specimen was taken from Mae Moh mine, Lampang province, Thailand. Construction activities and climate environments could alter the physical condition of siltstone. The physical alteration of siltstone had been simulated in laboratory by wet-dry process, and different loading magnitudes. The durability and degree of weathering of siltstone specimen was determined by slaking test, jar test and grain size distribution analysis. The weathering mechanisms significantly influence the shear strength of materialobtained by direct shear test and unconfined compressive strength test. Variation of drained and undrained shear strength parameters of siltstone were summarized and utilized for slope stability analysis of a dumped embankment. The results reveal that the factor of safety (F.S.) is mainly influenced by degree of weathering from Soft Rock to Hard Soil. Material consistency could affect drainage condition and shear-induced pore-water pressure. The slope stability could become unstable (F.S. < 1.3) if ru > 0.53 and su ≤ 460 kPa
บารเมศ วรรธนะภูติ
Stabilization of Soft Bangkok Clay Using Cement Mixed with Iron Slag Powder and Paper Manufacturing Biomass Ash
This study aims to evaluate potential uses of iron slag powder and biomass ash which are obtained from steel and paper manufacturing, respectively. These two materials were then mixed with cement to improve soft Bangkok clay based on the Geo – environmental of engineering viewpoint. The most suitable ratio of cement, iron slag and biomass ash are shown to be 0.750, 0.125 and 0.125, After that, the mixed binders are mixed with soil using ratios of 150, 200 and 250 kg/m3. The test results reveal that soil strength are significantly improved as evaluated using Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ration (CBR). Also, the strengths of cementitious treated soft soils increase markedly with curing time. The testing of physico-chemical properties by using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), therefore, confirmed that industrial wastes in this study have potential uses as cementing material for improving the soft Bangkok clay, the strengths of which conformed to the criteria to be used as Construction material.
วฤธ รัตนรุ่งโรจน์
อัครชัย เรืองแสงทอง
Improvement of Sub-Standard Lateritic Soil with Cement-Polymer Mixtures
This paper presents the improvement of sub-standard lateritic soil using cement-polymer mixtures. Mixing polymer into cement to create such a cement-polymer mixture could cause the cement use reduction in the cement stabilization technique for roadway applications. Cement as a soil stabilizing agent has been popularly used to stabilize any sub-standard materials for the road. However, the cement-stabilized material has relatively less flexural strength and still prone to have a moisture sensitivity characteristic even it can provide good compressive strength. This study aims to determine a proper ratio between cement and polymer for using as a stabilizing agent for sub-standard lateritic soil. This polymer would assist gaining more flexural strength and less moisture sensitivity for such cement-stabilized lateritic soil. In this study, the cement-polymer mixtures in forms of the paste were investigated with varying the polymer content of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20% by dry mass of cement. Cement-polymer paste samples were cured for 7 and 28 days before a series of the compressive strength tests, the flexural strength tests, and the water absorption tests. The results revealed that the 10% polymer content of cement can provide the best compressive strength with better flexural strength and least water absorption compared to other mixtures. With this proper ratio, it can be further used in stabilizing the sub-standard lateritic soil for roadway application.
Preliminary Study of Developing Mathematical Permeability Model for Silty Sand
The purpose of this research is to develop the mathematical model for predicting permeability of silty sand in Ubon Ratcharhani province area. The Variable Head Permeability test is performed on different size of glass beads varying density of specimens. The permeability mathematical model developed, is function of effective pore size, void ratio, effective particle size. Test result of the preliminary showed that and are the effective particle size and will be included in the developing model.
ธีราพัทธ์ รฐาหิรัญโรจน์
ฉัตรภูมิ วิรัตนจันทร์
Influence of Inclined Angles on Single Pile Vertical Capacity Based on Physical Model Test
This study presents the influence of inclined angles on the vertical capacity of a single pile based on physical model tests laboratory. An own-customized stainless steel rod having smooth surfaces with a close-end characteristic was used as a model pile. It was installed with inclinations of 0, 5, 10, and 15˚ from the vertical. To model ground conditions, the dry and uniform sand was prepared with varying densifications of its 60%, 70%, and 80% relative densities (Dr). These relative densities were assumed to be the ground conditions after pile installation. Vertical loads were applied at the top of the test pile with measurement of vertical pile settlements. These applied vertical loads directly reflect pile capacity levels. The test results indicated that the tendency of vertical pile capacity values of an inclined pile was dependent on its inclined angles and ground density conditions. For the loose ground condition of 60% Dr, pile capacity values increase with an increase in inclined angles. Adversely, for the dense ground condition of 80% Dr, pile capacity values decrease with an increase in inclined angles. However, for the medium ground condition of 70% Dr, pile capacity values of an inclined pile have no clear trend. Furthermore, test results would indicate a denser ground condition, a better pile capacity for an inclined pile.
คเชนทร์ จักร์แก้ว
Soft clay improvement using kaolin-Rice husk ash geopolymer activated by sodium hydroxide
This research studied the improvement of Bangkok clay using kaolin - rice husk ash activated by sodium hydroxide. Kaolin (KA) was thoroughly mixed with rice husk ash (RA) in the proportion of KA: RA 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. The mixture was then activated by sodium hydroxide solution of 8 molar concentrations at the optimum moisture content. The maximum unconfined compressive strength (qu) was obtained from sample with KA: RA 70:30 which was used as soil stabilizing agent. The clay samples were treated by KA-RA geopolymer replacement of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% by weight of dry soil. The samples were cured at 25, 70, and 100°c for 7, 14, 28, 60 and 120 days. Engineering properties were tested including unconfined compressive strength, durability in term of wetting and drying condition, and permeability. Clay sample replaced by 30% KA-RA geopolymer at curing period 60 days and curing temperature 70°c exhibited qu 115.38 ksc, which is close to qu at curing temperature 100°c but the advantage is more energy saving. Moreover, unconfined compressive strength after 12 rounds of wet and dry conditions was 93.55 ksc which comply with the ASTM D559 A permeability coefficient (k) is 7.25 x 10-7 cm/s which can be used as impervious material and extends service life as well.
ฆนากานต์ มาศโอสถ
ศิริศักดิ์ คงสมศักดิ์สกุล
การหาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างผลทดสอบตอกหยั่งแบบเบา กับ การตอกทดสอบมาตรฐาน ด้วยการวิเคราะห์ทางสถิติจากฐานข้อมูลการทดสอบจริงในสนาม เพื่อใช้ในงานออกแบบฐานรากระดับตื้น
Properties and variation of subsoils are usually required for a geotechnical design. This information can be obtained from various tests including the standard penetration test (SPT) which may be the most common technique in Thailand. Due to its weight, the SPT is only suitable for car accessible areas and also requires a certain cost for the mobilization of equipment. For shallow or low number investigations, the tests that can be operated and mobilized by 1~2 people such as dynamic probe light tests (DPL, EN ISO 22476) may be more appropriate. In this study, the influence of friction between test rod and surrounding ground to the DPL test results is investigated using a DPL apparatus with energy measurement sensors. The comparisons are also made between SPT and DPL results for developing an empirical relationship between standard penetration test and dynamic probe test under working environment in Thailand.
ธนกฤต โรจนชัยศรี
The Methods for Investigating the Backward Erosion in Cohesionless Soil Foundation
The demand of water has been increasing rapidly caused by the population and extension of economic activity while the new water resource project is developed hardly. Under this situation, it seems to force the government agency who take in charge to review inevitably the heightening for the existing reservoirs. The heightening of reservoir with additional water pressure may result in the risk of leakage at dam foundation. The dam foundation comprised with the cohesionless soil (PI < 7) is sensitive to be failed by backward erosion. Even the reservoir has operated for a certain period though the safety of the dam against backward erosion should be investigated. In design stage, the underseepage might be evaluated by the empirical equation of either or by the critical exit gradient proposed. After that gave the adjusting factor for critical exit gradient based on their upward flow tests. Including the physical models showed the resistance of the soil related to the coefficient of uniformity of the soil. These methods are applied for a study cases of Mun Bon dam that had a history of leakage to investigate the backward erosion within the dam foundation. The results shows that the methods of the empirical equation and the critical exit gradient are workable for the well graded and internally stable soil foundation. In the other hands, the method of the physical models conforms with the appearance in the field.
ณัฐฐา ไชโสกเชือก
ชิโนรส ทองธรรมชาติ
Compressive Strength of Marginal Lateritic Soil Improved by Waste Ash Geopolymer
This research investigated compressive strength of marginal lateritic soil improved by waste ash geopolymer. Marginal lateritic soil was obtained from borrow pit, Chaloem Phra Kiat District, Nakhon Ratchasima. Waste ash obtained from Waste to Energy Power Plant, Songkhla. Marginal lateritic soil: Waste ash ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30, Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3):Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ratios of 20:80, 10:90 and 0:100 and NaOH concentration of 8 M were used in this research. It can be seen that 7-day soaking compressive strength of marginal lateritic soil improved by waste ash geopolymer increased as waste ash content and Na2SiO3:NaOH ratio increased. The maximum 7-day soaking compressive strength of marginal lateritic soil improved by waste ash geopolymer was at waste ash content of 20% and Na2SiO3:NaOH ratio of 10:90.
เสริมศักดิ์ ติยะแสงทอง
เชิดศักดิ์ สุขศิริพัฒนพงศ์
วิศิษฏ์ศักดิ์ ทับยัง
Effect of Waste Ash on Compressive Strength of Marginal Lateritic Soil Mixed with Cement
This research investigated compressive strength of marginal lateritic soil improved by cement and waste ash. Marginal lateritic soil was obtained from borrow pit, Chaloem Phra Kiat District, Nakhon Ratchasima. Waste ash obtained from Waste to Energy Power Plant, Songkhla. Binder (cement:waste ash) contents of 0, 1, 3 and 5, cement:waste ash ratios of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25 and 70:30 and water content of 0.8OWC, 1.0OWC and 1.2OWC (Optimal Water Content, OWC). It can be seen that 7-day soaking compressive strength of marginal lateritic soil improved by cement and waste ash increased as waste ash content. The optimum ingredient of marginal lateritic soil improved by cement and waste ash was found at cement:waste ash ratios of 80:20 and water content of 1.0OWC
เชาวรินทร์ เชียรพิมาย
จุฑามาศ ลักษณะกิจ
Influence of helical plate diameter on bearing capacity based on laboratory study
Generally, design of the bearing capacity of helical piles is similar to the behavior of deep pile foundations. From the previous research, it is found that the reinforcing helix plate causes the bearing capacity to increase as the diameter of helix plate increases. But the tendency is not the same as the increase in the diameter of the deep pile foundations. This article studies the influence of helical plate diameter on bearing capacity under axial compression based on laboratory study and then compares with the design results. By increasing the diameter of the helix plate, the end bearing capacity of the helical pile is increased in an exponential manner according to the increase in the diameter of the helix plate. The skin friction is constant.
Investigation of air foam mixed stabilized soil embankment after 12 years of service
Large differential settlement between highway embankment and bridge structure causesproblem in the lower Chao Phraya river basin because of the presence of highly compressible soft clay layer in these areas. Furthermore, it also affects to the comfort of road user. Therefore, the Bureau of Road Research and Development, Department of highways (DOH), cooperated with the Public Work Research Institute (PWRI) of Japan to implement the soft ground improvement technique using Air Foam Mixed Stabilized Soil (AMS). The PWRI provided the technical supports of this technology. A full-scale test section was constructed on the highway No.35 (Rama II) at the kilometer post of 72+712.5 to 72+845 RT (Inbound) in Samut Songkhram province. The objectiveof this paper is to present the effectiveness of AMS embankment after 12 years of service. Considering factors included road inventory, traffic information, groundwater level, surface elevation, and laboratory test of field cored AMS samples. Results indicated that the AMS embankment section exhibited less settlement (~50 percent) comparing to the conventional fill embankment. In addition, the laboratory results also suggested that the AMS samples remained in a good condition although they were inundated due to the high groundwater table. The long-term strength and durability also met the design specifications.
ธิติพัทธ์ รู้หลัก
อัคคพัฒน์ สว่างสุรีย์
อรรถสิทธิ์ สวัสดิ์พานิช
เศกชัย อนุเวชศิริเกียรติ
Effects of lateral cyclic loading on the surrounding soil stiffness of a modelled single pile
This study focuses on the effects of lateral cyclic loading by Displacement-controlled amplitudeon the surrounding soil stiffness of a modelled single pile in sandy soil. This model demonstrates the behaviour of a single pile within Integral bridge which receives the cyclic loading from thedisplacement amplitude change from temperature. Because of the change of temperature, the bridges expand and shrink themselves in term of distance and time. Then, this study occurs. By the behaviours of the piles is evaluated through the bending moment distribution, lateral displacement, shear force and soil resistance (subgrade reaction) along with the pile. For determining the soil stiffness, the code is written in MATLAB® in term of the numerical analysis method. The change of soil stiffness from the number of cyclic loading is the main study in different soil levels and the peak applied loads. According to this study, the initial soil stiffness (Nc=1) increases on the deep of soil level because of strain-level effect. After that, the soil stiffness rapidly increases in term of plastic material, then, it keeps constant in term of elastic material, On the other hands, at soil-level around soil surface, the soil stiffness increases with the number of cyclic loading. This effect could be called “Ratcheting Effect”, i.e. when the sandy soil active fails, the increasing lateral pressure is needed to move back itself. When the lateral pressure increases, the soil stress increases, therefore, the soil modulus and stiffness also increase. However, the soil stiffness has a significant relationship with the soil level and the displacement amplitude.
พงศ์ภัค สืบถวิลกุล
Correlation between electrical resistivity and geotechnical engineering properties of soil
The study of soil electrical resistivity in various type of soil, which were lateritic soil and fine sand, which may be affected from the change of soil properties for instance, water content and dry density. Meanwhile, there may be a relationship between the property of the resistivity and the properties of soil. In this study, a resistance test was performed by inputting an electric current from the power supply through a soil sample prepared in a soil box, which samples in this study are a lateritic soil from Thali, Loei, Thailand, and KMUTT sand (sand which passed through the No. 40 sieve and retained on the No. 100 sieve). The compaction tests were also done to receive the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content then the desired water content and the dry density of the soil sample are controlled in the soil box, while the voltage of the experiment was controlled in a range between 3 and 30 volts. The experiment found that there is a relationship between the water content, the dry density and the electrical resistivity, and the response surface methodology was used to create and analysed the correlation. From the experiment, the resistivity predicted from the regression tend to be reduced proportionally to the increased in the water content and the dry density.
วรัชญ์ สกุลพจน์วรชัย
Improvement of sand with bottom ash and cement as back fill materials and pavement
Bottom ash is a waste generated from coal burning to used as power for electricity generation causing problems of waste area disposal and pollution to the environment. This research is for realizing the benefits by proposing to improve the quality of sandy soils by using bottom ash and cement as a backfill materials and pavement materials. Experiments consisted of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), resilient modulus (Mr), and non-destructive testing using vibration waves free-free resonance test (FRR) can used to assess the strength of sandy soil, improve the quality and can used to determine the properties of seismic modulus and Poisson's ratio. The test results show that the P-wave and S-wave velocity, including the seismic modulus, are consistent with the compressive strength test results. Results show that 30% bottom ash content replacement sandy soil provided maximum strength, resilient modulus and California bearing ratio. Sandy soil, improved by bottom ash and cement, was classified as “Soil cement base” according to standard, DH-S. 204/2556, Department of highway, Thailand
วุฒิกรณ์ โสพรรณรัตน์
An Analysis of Concrete Pavement Heaving based on Swell Potential Tests
This article presents an approach for heave prediction of a pavement surface caused by the swelling of expansive soil layers underneath. This research project used a road with heavily damaged concrete pavement in Mae Moh District, Lampang Province as a case study. Activities performed in this research included were subsoil investigation and collecting soil samples by thin-wall tubes, laboratory testing for moisture content of those collected soil samples, free swell test, swell pressure test, and estimating the heave of the pavement surface using those testing results. The laboratory testing and the calculation reveal that the damages of the road was caused by the swelling of the underneath expansive soil and the heave prediction based on the laboratory testing results was close to the actual heave of the pavement. Therefore, the approach employed in this analysis is capable of surface heave estimation of other pavements.
สุธินันท์ กันเงิน
เศรษฐพงศ์ เศรษฐบุปผา
Development of Information Technology for Field Density Survey System
Nowadays technology has taken a big role in almost everything. One advantage of this applied science is the ease to access, therefore many working system changes. This study aims to apply this technology for field density and moisture survey by developing a system and a mobile application for survey planning, field data collection, laboratory analysis, summary of results and in the end, report. The developed system can connect all mentioned processes. Therefore, works can be tasked by web application for surveyor. Surveyor then can use mobile application to collect each process in the field and send back information such as pictures, site location and acquired field information to the data center. After the delivery of soil sampling to the laboratory, the user can ask for the data and can report via the web application. Moreover, user can require for other information such as graph or map as well.
สุสิทธิ์ ฉายประกายแก้ว
Prediction of Permeability Coefficient of Compacted Lateritic Soils
Objectives of this research are to study parameters affecting permeability of compacted lateritic soils, and to create equations for predicting their permeability coefficients. Three sources of the laterite soils were obtained from central, northern and northeast Thailand. Grain size distribution of the soil samples were performed before and after compaction. Five degrees of compaction energy were used to generate various dry densities of the compacted samples based on five international compaction standards. The determination of permeability coefficient was then performed using a rigid-wall permeameter constant head. Finally, all data were analyzed by multiple linear regression to generate the prediction equations of permeability coefficients ofcompacted laterite soils. Grain size distribution, fine content, density and void ratio of compacted lateritic soils directly affected the permeability coefficients, which ranged between 7.89 10-9 and2.16 10-5 cm/sec. The prediction equations, which were created based on five main parametersaffecting permeability coefficients of compacted lateritic soils, including fine content, effective size, void ratio, compaction energy and dry density provided a high accuracy with R2≥0.99.
สยาม อุ่นมงคลมิตร
อุทัยฤทธิ์ โรจนวิภาต
Performance of cement fly ash gravel column under consolidation condition
This research was studied to increased strength in soft clay which is the main problem of Bangkok soft clay. By using gravel cement fly ash gravel column (CFG column) improve soil quality to support embankment or small structures. CFG column was made by 4.75-19.50 mm. gravel which mixed with fly ash and cement. After that, the test was performed using a physical model in a PVC pipe with a diameter of 300 millimeters and a height of 450 millimeters. The size of CFG column used in the test are 200 mm. high. and diameter sizes are 50, 75 and 100 mm. which placed the column in a soft clay layer. The test results showed when the diameter of the column increased that the consolidation decreased and the drainage time decreased. In terms of soil stress was decreased when stress in column increased after increasing loading due to improvement areas (Ar) was increased. The result of excess pore water pressure at the same height, it was found that the radius near the column is lower than that the same time due to the porosity of CFG column. At the different depths was found that the excess pore water pressure increased as the depth increased because the stress at the top of soil was higher than lower depth that cause increasing excess pore water pressure. From the research can conclude that the CFG column can increased the bearing capacity of the soft clay and decreased consolidation by varying of column diameter size. Also, the CFG column are porous which allow good drainage. Resulting in excess pore water pressure near the column is lower which is different when the radius of soil increased.
สุวิจักขณ์ วิรัตน์
Estimated Strength Properties of Soft Clay Lump Backfilled in a Pond Improved by Vacuum Consolidation Method.
There were many abandoned ponds previous time which were filled by water in Bangkok ,Thailand. Nowadays, the abandoned pond are dumped fully by backfilled lump soil without pumping the water out. The soil used for backfill in most of the cases have high water content and low shear strength which was called Bangkok soft clay. The backfilled soft clay are lump soft clay about bucket backhoe shape. The backfilled lump soils are generally dumped quickly and hence the water can’t leak out of pond and stuck between inter lump void. The shear strength in the backfilled lump soils are generally low uniformly along the depth because of newly deposition. The analysis has been carried out in two parts to estimate the increase in strength of backfilled soil. Firstly, the increase in strength of backfilled soil after improving by vacuum consolidation method was estimated by in-situ test (Cone Penetration Test), laboratory test (Unconfined Compression Test) and theoretical analysis (Mesri and Khan, 2011). Secondly, various factors (i.e. environmental, surcharge load, service load, soil properties and ground water level drawdown in Bangkok) responsible for increase in strength of ground surface have been estimated.
ศาสตร์ศิลป์ ภักดีเมฆ
ปิยวัฒน์ เงินบำรุง
สุทธิศักดิ์ ศรลัมพ์
Standup time estimation of undercut moist sand slope using numerical simulation
Undercut slope is defined as a slope, which is excavated at its toe. An undercut slope would be failed if undercut width is equal to or greater than its maximum undercut width. Sometimes, the undercut slope is temporarily stable. The undercut slope could displace slowly over a period and it finally fails. The period of undercut slope in stable is called standup time. In this paper, the standup time was estimated by using numerical simulations. A series of numerical simulations using 3DEC was performed to study of standup time of undercut slopes. The numerical models were applied the physical properties and creep parameters of moist sand, which were tested in laboratory. Mohr-Coulomb and Burgers model were assigned to the numerical simulations. The slope inclination of the numerical models was varied. The slope inclinations were 50ᵒ, 30ᵒ, 18ᵒand 15ᵒ. The undercut slope models showed a relationship between slope inclination, undercut width and standup time. When the slope inclination was shallower than the friction angle of bedding plane, its standup time and undercut width were longer and wider than the steeper. The slope inclination was inversely proportional to undercut width while the undercut width was proportion to the standup time.
Evaluation of Subgrade Foundation Stability by Plate Bearing Test and Dynamic Penetration Test
This paper presents the evaluation of subgrade foundation stability, which plays a vital role for pavement thickness design and embankment stability. A 3.5-kilometer High-Speed Railway Project Thai–China (Klang Dong–Pang Asok) under the supervision of Lomsak Road Construction Center, Department of Highways was selected because two test methods e.g. Plate Bearing Test (PBT) and Dynamic Penetration Test (DPT) were implemented in this project. Results indicated that subgrade foundation in High-Speed Railway Project Thai–China was stable and exhibited good bearing capacity.
Accuracy of pile capacity from static analysis
This research evaluates accuracy and precision of pile capacity calculation by Meyerhof (1976)method by calibrating the predictions with results of static and dynamic pile load tests for piles with their tips embedded in sand. The skin friction predictions are calibrated with results of dynamic pile load tests. The end bearing predictions are calibrated with results of static and dynamic pile load tests. The study finds that pile capacities from dynamic pile load tests are 63% and 68% of those from static pile load tests for bored and driven piles, respectively. The calculated end bearings are 21% and 52% of actual end bearings for bored and driven piles, respectively. The calculated skin frictions are 42% and 54% of actual skin frictions for bored and driven piles, respectively. The calculated ultimate pile capacities are 34% and 59% of pile capacities from static pile load tests. It is also found that the calculated skin frictions are more precise than the calculated end bearings. The end bearings have COV of 0.88 and 0.74 for bored and driven piles, respectively. The skin frictions have COV of 0.46 and 0.32 for bored and driven piles, respectively. Finally, the proposed factors of safety are 5, 1.5, and 2.5 for end bearing, skin friction, and ultimate capacities, respectively.
The Research of Bearing Capacity of Soil by Distributing Load on Square Steel Plate.
This research was to studied values of bearing capacity of soil test by steel plate loading in Khok Si educational area of Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Khonkaen Campus. To keep in database for designing shallow foundations for construction workshop in area. The tested reference to CMT 105-2545 Standard. This test used 030x0.30 meters square steel plate and 0.025 meters in thickness and tested at depth -1.00 meter from original soil surface amount 3 holes of test. The tested use design load 10 ton/square meter to used safety factor was 3 and more classification of soil by Unified Soil Classification System for design data in shallow foundations. The results showed the load bearing capacity of soil in 3 holes of test to found the average settlement values of square plate was 3.633 millimeter and can carrying safe load capacity 47.52 ton/ square meter. Can applied for design shallow foundations in area on SP-SC soil was a poorly graded sand and clayed sand by soil classification
ยงยุทธ ศิริศรีเพ็ชร์
จงศิลป์ สุขุมจริยพงศ์
ณัฐพงษ์ เกษสัญชัย
เพชรานี อุ่นทะยา
กัญญารักษ์ มีอ่อน
Comparison of Pile Capacity Predicted from Static Method and Dynamic Load Test for Prachuabkirikhan Subsoils
This study compares the pile capacity predicted from static method and dynamic load test of 13 driven piles from Hua Hin to Prachuabkirikhan track doubling construction project. Undrained shear strength obtained from four SPT-N interpretation equations including Terzaghi (1967), NAVFAC (1986), Stroud (1974), and Pitupakorn (1982) are use in the pile capacity estimation and later compare with dynamic pile load test results. The study found that equation proposed by NAVFAC (1986) is the most accurate and precise with average bias of 1.05 and the coefficient of variation of 0.19
สิทธิภัสร์ เอื้ออภิวัชร์
เรืองวิทย์ โชติวิทยาธานินทร์
Unconfined Compressive Strength of Bagasse Ash Geopolymer Admixed in Soft Bangkok Clay
This research presents the unconfined compressive strength of the bagasse ash geopolymer admixed in soft clay Bangkok. The study on varies according to variables to find the possibility of using geopolymer improvement soft soil instead of using cement. Bagasse ash (BA), an industrial by-product, was used as a precursor of geopolymer. A mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) was used as a liquid alkaline activator. This research was studied the suitable ratio between alkaline activator and sodium hydroxide concentration. The soil moisture content at the liquid limit and bagasse ash content at 30% per weight of dry soil were used in this research. The study found the highest 28 days unconfined compressive strength at the ratio of sodium hydroxide to sodium silicate at 60:40, the sodium hydroxide concentration at 7.5 molars, bagasse ash content at 30% and Liquid Limit (LL) of soil.
วีรวัฒน์ ดีสวัสดิ์
Effects of Fine Content and Cement Content on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Lateritic Soil-Cement
This study aimed to investigate the effects of fine contents and cement contents on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the lateritic soil-cement mixtures. The sub-standard lateritic soil used in the study was collected from a local borrow pit site, Doi Saket, Chiangmai, Thailand. A series of the fine contents of 0, 20, 30, and 40% of a dry mass and the cement contents of 0, 4, 6, and 8% of a dry soil mass were targeted. For the sample preparation, lateritic soil-cement test samples were fabricated based on the modified proctor compaction test results (at optimum moisture contents and 100% maximum dry unit weight) and curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The UCS tests were carried out following the Department of Highway (DOH) standard. The results revealed that at the fine content of 20%, the trend of UCS against fine contents separates into two characteristics. Firstly, the UCS of 4% cement content samples increases when the fine content increased up to 20% and gradually decreases beyond that. Secondly, the UCS of 6% and 8% cement content samples dramatically decrease with an increase in the fine contents from 0 to 20% and then, a gradually decreases. Furthermore, UCS will increase significantly relating to the cement content and curing period especially at 0% fine content.
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS SIMULATION OF WET BORED PILE
This paper presents a simulation process of a wet bored pile to find a set of resource allocation that result for optimum duration and cost by using the construction project of The Expressway Administration Center Building Project in Bangkok. The working process can be divided into five activities after that activity duration will be collected. The process was then modeled using ABC (Activity-Based Construction) method with the collected activity duration data. Process durations with regard to both duration and cost were analyzed by changing a set of resources needed in the process. From the present, a simulation process of a wet bored pile, the appropriate resource allocation that results for optimum duration and cost is a set of four drilling rigs, three service crawler cranes and one crew takes 74.83 days with a cost of 13,544,230 baths.
ภิรมย์ญา ถิ่นนุช
ธรรมศักดิ์ รุจิระยรรยง
วิสูตร จิระดำเกิง
Subsidence Rate Analyzing of Bangkok Soil Profile with InSAR Data
The monitoring of land subsidence in Bangkok and its vicinity area has been conducted since 1978. The activities include the follow-up of the class one leveling survey technique as operated by the Royal Thai Survey Department (RTSD). The RTSD conducts surveying by using benchmarks in which the depressions or soil compression compartments at various depths located in the vicinity of the reference benchmarks. The data from these surveying techniques can serve as a substitute for calculating the amount of vertical movement to show the total subsidence of Bangkok and its vicinity area. However, the density of the observation points related to the coverage area was not dense enough to be used to indicate subsidence as an area consistent with the characteristics of the soil layer underground. This research presents a guideline for applying data from Time-Series InSAR technology. With the advantage of the technique, it can detect the rate of subsidence with the density of the observation points sufficient to display spatial relationships. We also propose a calculation method to estimate the subsidence rate of each soil layer at a deeper level by classifying the subsidence rate from the Time-Series InSAR data and dividing the data according to the type of depth of the foundation of the building. In Bangkok and its vicinity areas, we divide the depth of the foundation into three groups, which are the depths of 20, 40, and 80 meters. In this research, we study at the depth range of 20 meters to 40 meters. Finally, the final result of a vertical movementfrom our analysis with Time-Series InSAR data is 0.350 millimeters per year.
Investigation Load Transfer on Piled Embankments over Soft Soil by Digital Image Correlation
The rapid growth in infrastructure development has forced the engineers to design their structures on compressible soils. The structural load applied to the surface of a compressible ground introduces large total and differential settlement. These settlements have to be limited in order to maintain the stability and the durability of the concerned structures. Among various methods of soil improvement, the technique of employing the vertical rigid piles is widely implemented. It is an interesting alternative to more traditional techniques. This research focuses on the mechanistic behaviors of granular top soil supported by piles embedded in soft soil layer under the monotonic and cyclic loadings. An original three-dimensional laboratory model was developed. The model contains 20 rigid piles, and the compressible soil is explicitly simulated by a soft material. A Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was used to analyze the force and displacement taking place in the load transfer platform. It was found that the settlement accumulation and an increase in the load transmitted to the piles were observed during the loading cycles. The image analysis provides the access to the displacement field within the granular platform.
ชัยสิทธิ์ เพ็งจันทร์
อภิวิชญ์ ทองรักษา
สุริยาวุธ ประอ้าย
Stabilization of earth slopes with micro piles : A case study on highway No. 1009 Chomthong - Doi Inthanon Chomthong District, Chiang Mai
Many highways in mountainous areas, particularly the Northern region of Thailand, inevitably confront the problems of excessive movement and slope failure. Therefore, slope stability analysisincluding highway design, construction and maintenance area are very important. Detailed surface topography is important when analyzing the stability of slopes. Recent advances in new technologies have allowed us to obtain high-precision proﬁles of slope information for three-dimensional (3D) slope stability analysis. This research presents a slope reinforced by micro piles of highway No. 1009 Chom Thong - Doi Inthanon, between km 19 + 585.00 - 19 + 750.00, Chiang Mai Province. A comprehensive approach that integrates Global Positioning System (GPS) and 3D ﬁnite element method for slope stability analysis. The soil behavior and soil movement were investigated. The modelling results show that the surface sampling resolution can affect the prediction accuracy of the potential failure zones. The reinforced slope showed an increase in safety factor. The numerical modeling was capable to reproduce satisfactorily the horizontal displacements of slope reinforced by micro piles.
พงษ์พินันท์ บูรณะกิติ
ขวัญสิรินภา ธนะวงศ์
Shrinkage characteristic of soft Bangkok clay stabilized by cement and fly ash
This article is to present the shrinkage characteristic of soft Bangkok clay stabilize with cement and fly ash by using image processing technique. The law materials consist of soft Bangkok clay, Portland cement type 1, and fly ash from Mae Moh Power Plant. The mix ratio of soft clay blended with cement is shown in term of the cement/clay-water ratio which are 0.3 and 0.4. From each mix ratio, fly ash is replaced in the amount of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60%. For shrinkage analysis, the image processing method of 2D is used together with the PCAS and ImageJ software. The programs can analyze the number of cracks segment, crack length, crack width, and crack area as well as crack intensity factor. Finally, this study will suggest the optimum mix ratio of soft Bangkok clay admixed with cement and fly ash for applying soil improvement practices.
Constitutive for granular soil-structure interface behavior
This study was carried out to investigate the behavior of granular soil structure interface under Constant Normal Load (CNL) and Constant Normal Stiffness (CNS) conditions by using Casagrande direct shear apparatus. Dry sand (૪max = 17.90 kN/m3 and ૪min = 15.50 kN/m3) was used in this study. Two distinct initial densities (Dr = 35% and Dr = 85%) with three values of initial normal stress (σn = 100, 200, 300 kPa) were investigated. It was found that the initial normal stress, initial density and loading conditions (CNL and CNS) mainly influenced the interface behavior. Under CNS condition, the dilation or contraction provided the variation of normal stress depending on the initial density. A small variation of normal stress could be observed. A constitutive modeling of granular soil-structure interface for which the changes in stress state took place depending on the initial boundary condition was proposed. Relevant variables were discussed. The simulations showed a fairly good agreement with the results obtained from interface direct shear tests.
ธีระวัชร เกี๋ยงคำ
Use of capillary barrier for controlling upward movement of saline groundwater in soils
A capillary process is widely known as one of a key process inducing soil salinization. The capillary force in unsaturated soils results in upward movement of saline groundwater to the soil surface, and hence the salt concentration and salt crust can be gathered on the soil surface due to evapotranspiration process. In northeastern part of Thailand, salt-affected soils cover almost 1.78 million ha or 18% of agriculture area resulting in sharp decrease in soil productivity, vegetation cover and biodiversity. Moreover, almost 53,160 ha has led to be wasteland due to very high concentration of salt in the soils. In this study, Capillary barrier (CB) was used to prevent upward movement of saline groundwater in the soils subjected to the capillary process. Soil samples were compacted into 1-D physical model using acrylic tube with 15 cm in diameter. Two tests including 1) the soil column without CB layer, and 2) 5 cm CB-gravel layer 2.38 mm-4.75 mm diameters inserted in the soil column were performed. The saline groundwater table with NaCl concentration of 2 g/L was kept constant at 70 cm from soil surface. Five 5TE moisture sensors were used to demonstrate water content, salt concentration and temperature during the tests. The results showed that the movement of saline groundwater subjected to the capillary process can reach soil surface for the sample without CB layer, but cannot reach the surface for the soil column with the CB layer due to low capillary force in the CB layer.
วิโรจน์ ล้อมวงษ์
Influence of water level reduction on stability of zoned earth dam
The zoned earth dam is the most type of dam that constructed in Thailand since it can be used as its purposes. With the installation of instruments, the behavior of dam can be measured for long term use. However, the simulation of water level reduction in the dam, which is an important factor for the stability of dam, is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the rate of water level reduction at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.00 m./day and the change of water level at 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 compared with difference of normal water level and minimum water level of dam. There are 2 cases study, Pasak Chonlasit Dam and Muak Lek Reservoir. From the results, it is found that the change of water level has much effect to the stability of dam. The factor of safety decreased with the increasing of reduction of water level. But for the rate of water level reduction has little effect to the factor of safety. The reduction of water level should not over than 1/4 time of the difference of normal water level and minimum water level of dam.
Correlation between deflections from the Falling Weight Deflectometer and those from the Light Weight Deflectometer
The objective of this paper is to investigate the correlation between deflections from the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) and those from the Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) performed on the asphalt surface of different flexible pavements. In this study, twenty test sections wereselected along twelve major highways. Each 250-m long section was located near the weight control station. The deflection measurements were taken at every 25 m along the test section. The results showed that the correlation between deflections from the FWD and those from the LWD exhibited a linear. In addition, the FWD deflections (ranging from 35 to 732 microns with an average of 231 microns) were approximately 10 times the LWD deflections (ranging from 2 to 104 microns with an average of 24 microns), while those calculated by the elastic solution were approximately 6 times. Such difference was caused by the difference in their applied stresses.
ธีรภัทร์ ศิริรัตนฉัตร
Sensitivity Analysis of Public Private Partnership Models for Thailand’s EEC Highspeed Rails
PPP (Public Private Partnership) becomes more common and popular nowadays due to the limitation of the budget of governments. Therefore, PPP is used as a tool to invest in infrastructure projects. Although PP has advantages, it has risks of applying PPP and they have to be considered carefully. This study uses the High-Speed Rail Linking 3 Airports, Thailand, as a case study and aims to study on the sensitivity analysis by considering the benefits and risks of PPP compared to the traditional approach. Construction phase and operation phase are considered because they are different in terms of cost and revenue when the project is managed as PPP and the traditional approach. An analysis is conducted by official documentation analysis, a financial analysis, and content analysis. Results from the study show that the construction cost is more sensitive affecting the achievement of the project than the revenue. Although PPP can overcome some limitations and provide some benefits which the traditional approach cannot do, there are also risks because PPP is more complex than the traditional approach which results in complex costs. To optimize the application of PPP, a good plan and practice are required. In addition, the government and the private sector must have a good collaboration to make sure that the project will provide a satisfying outcome.
The State Railway of Thailand Line Capacity Evaluation using UIC 406 Method (Section Hua Ta Khe Station to Cha Choeng Sao Junction)
This paper evaluates the State Railway of Thailand (SRT) freight line capacity from Hua Ta Khe Station to Cha Choeng Sao Junction using the International Union of Railway's methodology (UIC 406). The approach is to compress the timetable, calculate the capacity consumption and evaluate the possible additional train paths on a macroscopic level. Two Line Sections (LS) is defined for this Train Path Line Section (TPLS). The analysis shows the 100% capacity consumption for the whole TPLS but 49% and 55% for each LS (using 43% additional time). The new timetable is proposed by dividing the operation into 2 sections. 18 container freight trains and 2 commodity freight trains are added. The line section capacity consumption after the evaluation process is 82% and 91% respectively.
Rural Highway Network Development in Supporting the Eastern Economic Special Area (EEC)
To study of the infrastructure development within the Eastern Economic Corridor area to support the development of new areas and solve traffic problems in the future, In the case of the secondary roads of the Department of Rural Roads (Feeder Road). From the analysis of the service levels of the routes in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) by the traffic and transportation models in the future years 2022-2042, a total of 130 routes consisting of 30 Chachoengsao provinces, Chon Buri province 55 route and Rayong province 45 route, found that in the case of EEC area development but there is no improvement of route to support will cause the service level of the route to be at level D which is lower than the standard acceptance level of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official, consisting of 13 routes.To solve these problems, we have designed and improved the road by expanding to 4 traffic lanes, 3.5 meters per lane, 2.5 meters shoulder. The results of economic analysis on all 13 road improvements showed that the NPV and B/C values were positive and the EIRR was between 9% - 29%.
Rehabilitation of Existing base course by Pavement Recycling Process For Wangthong – Khek Noi section of Highways No. 12
The objective of this research is to study the appropriate quantity of cement and mixing ratio of soil cement and crushed rock to rehabilitate the damage soil cement base on Wangthong – KhekNoi section of Highways No.12 by cold in – place recycling process. To obtain the require unconfined compressive strength (UCS) in accordance with the standard of The Department of Highways, for 4 mixing forms (soil cement : crushed rock) of 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50 and 25 : 75 together with 3 – 7% of Portland Cement Type 1 were used to mix 144 samples. The sample were cured for 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28 days and tested. The 50 : 50 proportion of soil cement : crushed rockand 4% of Portland Cement Type 1 at 5 days curing time yielded unconfined compressive strength of more than 24.50 Kilogram Per Square Centimeter (ksc) .
ชัจจักร์ ศรีประเสริฐ
A behaviour study of geosynthetic reinforced soil wall type bridge abutment: a case study of Wangyen bridge, Dan Makham Tia District, Kanchanaburi province
Failure of bridge abutment becomes increasingly frequent nowadays. The major cause is related to the torrential river flow with high erosive force, the high moisture content and seepage force in the earth structure, as well as the deterioration of the old abutment. In order to retrofit these abutments, proper investigation and design are needed to pinpoint the cause of problem for worthwhile use of budget. The geographical, geotechnical survey of the site and the information moisture and pore-water pressure are of great importance. This study involved site investigation, analysis and design of a geosynthetic reinforced soil wall type bridge abutment with of Wangyen bridge, Dan Makham Tia District, Kanchanaburi province. Instrumentations were also installed at the wall including pore-water pressure, soil moisture as well as tilting of the wall face using KU in-placed inclinometer. The monitoring results can be obtained real-time through a telemetering system. According to the results, the change in moisture and inclination of wall face were within the safe limit.
บวรพงศ์ สุขเจริญ
พิสิฐ ศรีวรานันท์
อิชย์ ศิริประเสริฐ
Comparison of stresses analyses on the prestressed concrete bridge subjected to Thai trucks according to the Department of Highway’s Regulation and the AASHTO standard truck
This paper presents a comparison of stresses on the prestressed concrete bridge subjected to truck loads according to new regulations announced by the department of highway and the AASHTO standard truck. In these regulations, various types of truck loads were allowed to use in bridge design while the AASHTO standard truck loads were widely used for the existing bridges. The three-span of prestressed concrete bridges were simulated and analyzed by the finite element method. These models were subjected to the loads according to new regulations announced by the department of highway and AASHTO standard truck. The bridge models have spans of 35 meters and the total length is 105 meters. The analyses were carried out to determine the stresses induced in the cross-section of a prestressed concrete bridge and then compared to the allowable stresses. The conclusions were made for each type of truck loads which can affect the serviceability of the bridge.
อัฏฐวิทย์ สุจริตพงศ์
วรียส ถิรดุลย์กุล
ภูมิเกียรติ สว่างวงศ์
The relationship of the road area to the factors related to urban planning using decision tree model
Main function of Proposed road network, with at least 20 meter right of way, in Road network plan is maintain its mobility and conform with Land use plan. The main purpose of this study is to estimate proposed road network area (sq.m.) by using decision tree model. There were 10 attributes and 22 instances in data matrix in order to establish the decision tree model. The result shows 7 possible if-then roles. Cross validation test and split test were used to test model accuracy. Finally, decision tree model is inappropriate to estimate proposed road network area.
โยธิน มัชฌิมาดิลก
สุรพันธ์ สันติยานนท์
Study on the efficiency of prefabricated walls of aerated concrete
This research is a comparative study of the performance of precast concrete walls and cellular concrete cell walls. The researcher has made concrete samples of 200 × 60 × 10 cm high to be tested in 6 types normal concrete walls with regular reinforced concrete, lightweight cellular concrete walls with concrete walls and reinforced cellular concrete Cellular with coarse aggregate with a lightweight cellular concrete with reinforced steel coarse aggregate. Tested find unit weight Water absorption and impact resistance The weight unit test results showed that Aerated concrete has a weight of 1600 kilograms per cubic meter. And cellulosic concrete with a gross aggregate weight of 1995 kg per cubic meter. The water absorption test showed that cellulosic concrete had a water absorption rate of 25.81 percent and cellular concrete with a gross cellulite content had a water absorption rate of 16.32 percent. The 50-kg weight of the pendulum is tested in accordance with TIS 2226 - 2005. The results of the comparison of the six types of wall showed that the aerated concrete with gross mass and mass concrete Obama cellular coarse aggregate with steel reinforcement. The highest deflection. Due to the internal texture of aerated concrete, cellulose is porous. There is no good aggregate adhesion. As a result, the cellulosic concrete with the coarse aggregate had the lowest compressive strength. The impact test results in the highest deflection values. Compared with standard TIS 2226 - 2005, it is found that the wall is in accordance with the standard, with a deflection of not more than 2 mm.
จารุวัฒน์ ถาวรไพศาลชีวะ
A Study of Personal Vibration Perceptibility of Buraphavithi Elevated Expressway
This research studied the vibration level of elevated expressway structure affecting to personal perceptibility for 3 stations of Buraphavithi expressway including Chonburi, outer-ring road and Bangna stations. The purpose was to evaluate the vibration level affecting to the officers. The results could be useful for human resource administration and guideline for structural assessment of Buraphavithi expressway. Field testing was conducted for 12 hours for each station. Vertical acceleration response was measured at the first lane from the left-hand side which is for all vehicular types. Effects of relevant factors such as vehicle type, physical property of the station, vibration amplitudes at pavement and toll booth were considered. Evaluation on vibration perceptibility level was carried out from amplitude and frequency of acceleration response. The international criterions were selected for comparison. It was found that Chonburi station allowed the strongest level at “unpleasant”. The outer-ring road and Bangna stations allowed perceptibility level at “perceptible”. This was because the considered traffic lane of Chonburi station is at the cantilever end of the prestressed concrete box-girder section. The induced acceleration amplitude was therefore larger than other stations. Besides, the concrete base of the toll booth could reduce the amplitude of vibration for 17% in average. Moreover, the scenario that two vehicles at the adjacent lanes driving off the stations simultaneously could enhance vibration amplitude to be stronger, significantly.
Value of Time Assessment for Transportation of Agricultural Product
The quality of agricultural products is changed during transportation due to its sensitivity to travel time and temperature. Increasing in expected travel time as well as being kept under unfavourable temperature conditions while travelling can cause significant damage to the quality of the product. However, the research on the analysis of the value of time for transportation of agricultural products is still limited. This research was conducted to develop the method for evaluating the value of time assessment for agricultural products transportation. In this research, the Logistic Model on the basis of utility theory has been developed using samples based in the agricultural industrial area in the Central Thailand. The data used in this research were collected through a robust questionnaire that simulates various situations which address the main variables. The researcher found that there were 3 variables that were significant in decision making of product transportation. They were cost of transportation, travel time of transportation and damage of products during transportation. In the analysis process, the survey forms were created by using levels of each variable to design and create an alternative situation in accordance to the State Preference (SP) model. Then, the highest profit alternatives were selected by interviewed carriers and the time value of transportation of agricultural products were analyzed. After that, the influenced variables on transportation were prioritized to reflect the main factors used for decision making decision of the carriers in the transportation process. This research presents the concept of application of values of time for agricultural product, which are secondary data and the values of time for travel, which are secondary data for evaluation of economic benefits of highway network construction projects.
ณัฐปคัลภ์ อินสมตัว
ปนัดดา กสิกิจวิวัฒน์
The study of factors affecting the brightness of the road lights of High-pressure sodium (HPS) in actual use conditions
The objective of this study to study the factors that affect the lighting of high-pressure sodium lamp (HPS) in actual use conditions in the area of ​​responsibility of the Department of Highways The study of important parameters is the brightness of the road lights (Lux), the distance between the light pole, various time periods At night, the temperature and humidity relative to the air In the area of ​​foggy weather and normal weather Is an urban area And is an area outside the city the results of the study showed that both types of areas, weather conditions The period with the most brightness of the street lighting is between 18.00 - 19.00 hrs. And the time with the least road light brightness is between 01.00 - 02.00 hrs. The factors that affect the brightness of the road light of HPS lamps with statistical methods found that the distance between the pole and the relative humidity in the air. Both of these variables have an influence on the brightness of the road lighting, resulting in reduced efficiency. And the analysis results to create an equation to design the brightness of street lights Get the appropriate equation, Lux = 37.56 - 0.189distance between columns - 0.373Temperature - 0.193relative humidity.
Sustainable Development and Extension of Rural Road Networks for Interprovincial Connection
The draft of the third action plan for decentralization process to local government organization specifies that the Department of Rural Roads is responsible for constructing and maintaining major collectors for interprovincial connection. The Department of Rural Roads is therefore required to identify the definition of major collectors and their classification, together with the development and extension of major collectors for interprovincial connection in compliance with the draft of the third action plan. The Office of Rural Roads 4 (Phetchaburi) is assigned to carry out this task as a pilot program within the area of five provinces. The results represent that major collectors, which will be responsible by the Department of Rural Roads, are collector roads, classified into seven different types of roads according to the strategy of organization and area, and required for advanced engineering principles and different design standards for different types of roads. The major collectors can be divided into seven types of roads depending on the strategy of organization and area. The development and extension of the major collector network result in six rural roads for interprovincial connection with the total distance of 1,217.375 kilometers. These consequences can be used as an example to develop the major collector network for interprovincial connection for the Department of Rural Roads as a whole. The results can also be utilized to determine the criteria of rural road design according to the function of each type of roads in order to increase the efficiency of rural road design in the future.
ไกวัลย์ โรจนานุกูล
The study of physical characteristics of highways according to road patterns to create accident prediction models
The objective of this study To study the physical factors of the highway according to the road pattern That affects road accidents And create a model to predict highway accidents If the type of physical characteristics of the highway is chosen according to different road formats By dividing the physical characteristics of the highway according to the road format into 4 types. And hypothesize variables that may affect the number of road accidents according to the physical characteristics of the road that may result in accidents 36 factors. From the study, it is found that, type 1, highways, medium islands. There are 18 factors that affect the accident. The second form is the type of highway with a middle island type with a grooved type. There are 18 factors that affect the accident. The 3rd type is highway type, middle island type, color island type. There are 6 factors affecting the accident. And the 4th pattern Characteristics of highways in the form of railways or barricades. There are 5 factors that affect the accident causing an accident on the highway. And results of variable analysis. Which has the model that has the most suitable variable to create a model to predict the occurrence of highway accidents. It was found that, model 1, the model for predicting highway accident is Number of accidents (Y) = - 6.273 + 0.317 Proportion of heavy trucks - 1.062 Number of intersections in the surveyed road range +1.627 Land use for government buildings and institutions - 0.026 Motorcycle proportion + 0.458 Slope of surveyed road + 0.508 Width of central island. The second model, the model for predicting highway accidents, is Number of accidents (Y) = 2.168 + 0.621 The width of the central island - 0.063 Proportion of motor vehicles exceeding the speed limit - 0.054 Proportion of motorcycles. The third form, the model for predicting highway accident is Number of accidents (Y) = 0.385 +1.264 Uses or unprofitable areas of transportation and transportation stations + 0.507 is characteristic of urban areas + 0.104 Central island width - 0.12 Proportion of heavy trucks. And the 4th pattern Yes, the model for predicting highway accidents is Number of accidents (Y) = 0.773 + 2.623 the distance between the right lane and the central island. Which is the most suitable model for this study.
The study of the equation of the relationship between the roughness value and skid resistance of the pavement and the study of the equation for the deterioration of the skid resistance in actual use conditions
The objective of this study In order to study the relationship and create the relation equation between roughness and surface roughness And study the factors that affect the deterioration, stiffness of the pavement To create equations for deterioration of the surface stiffness in actual usage conditions The study was conducted on AC 60-70 and Para Slurry Seal pavements aged 2-3 years. The study was divided into 2 groups. By group 1, the group of surface characteristics, while group 2, the forces acting on the surface Which the study found that The roughness of the road surface tends to be in a direction which is quite relevant to the surface roughness of both the road surface AC 60-70 and Para Slurry Seal road surface. Which is the relation equation between roughness and the skid resistance of the pavement of the AC 60-70 type is y = 1.0413x - 0.0098 and of the Para Slurry Seal type is y = 0.9475x - 0.0775. And the analysis using the federation coefficient of factors affecting the deterioration of the surface pavement found that the surface temperature, pavement age (years), cumulative vehicle volume and truck volume. It is a factor that significantly affects the deterioration of the surface friction of AC60-70 and Para Slurry Seal surfaces and with statistical methods, Multiple Regression Analysis found that the form of the equation is suitable for the study of the equation for the deterioration of the surface friction In actual use conditions The pavement type AC 60-70 is the viscosity of the pavement type AC 60-70 = 0.89 - 0.028pavement age (years) + 2.473x10-8 cumulative vehicle volume - 1.1x10-7cumulative truck And the Para Slurry Seal type is the friction of the Para Slurry Seal type = 1.036 - 0.085the age of the pavement (years) - 6.863x10-9cumulative vehicle volume - 8.432x10-8 collector truck
Service Time Evaluation for Terminal Screening at Chiang Mai International Airport During Normal and New Normal Condition
The Domestic Terminal Screening Point is a bottleneck point of the passenger traveling route. Due to the space limitation in Chiang Mai International Airport, the X-Ray luggage cannot be installed after check-in. The objective of this study is to evaluate the service time of Domestic Terminal Screening in Chiang Mai International Airport by microscopic traffic simulation. The key factor of this study is the walking speed of the passenger, in normal and new normal situations, which affect to service time. There are two indicators in this study such as service time and time in queue. In conclusion, the changing behavior of passenger affect on service time and time in queue.
มาริษา คีรีมาศทอง
ปรีดา พิชยาพันธ์
Elevator Passenger Traffic and Demand Model Development in the Hospital Logistics Context
Under an inevitable aging population structure embraced with a successfully implemented Universal Health Coverage (UHC) system, Thailand is currently one of the few developing countries experiencing a rapidly growing number of patients and health service users. Hospital overcrowding has now become a common scenario that makes hospitals, especially the public ones, encounter with various logistical problems. This research therefore aims to find a way to alleviate of the hospital logistical problems, in-building flows of people. In this study, passenger elevator traffic model was developed using the ARENA program under the queue theory and simulation, of which the models are developed based on the travel and activity data collected from passengers of 6 elevators in the 15-storey Sriphat Building, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai. The results of the comparative analysis of the three-service model The results of the comparative analysis of the three service model are independent models, can be lifted on all floors, classified by even - odd numbers model and divided according to the level of the floor, found that the allocation of elevators divided by level of the floor Is the format that provides the best service efficiency The system can support up to 338 users, using the least average queue time (1.85 minutes) and the least average system time (5.94 minutes).
นเรศ อินทรกำแหง ณ ราชสีมา
เกรียงไกร อรุโณทยานันท์
อรรถวิทย์ อุปโยคิน
P-hub problem for park and ride facility location with congestion
Traffic congestion is a major problem in urban areas. This problem is usually occurred from the number of private vehicles in a limited road capacity. One good solution to deal with this problem is to encourage travelers to use public transportation system. Park and ride facility supports such encouragement. Therefore, the site selection of park and ride facility is an important factor. This study provides a p-hub problem for park and ride facility location. A classical p-hub problem is integrated with the Multinomial Logit (MNL) model to consider the travel choice behavior under the optimal facility location. Specifically, the Special Ordered Sets of Type 2 (SOS2) is used to consider the congestion effect. The result shows that the proposed Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) conform with Multinomial logit within the constraints.
ปิยธิดา นิยมสำรวจ
ทรงยศ กิจธรรมเกษร
Student Attitudes toward Crosswalk Usages in School Zones
School zones are the area that many pedestrians, especially young students, are presented. Crossing the road in the school zones increase the chance of accidents during road crossing. This research investigates students' attitudes toward crosswalk usage in school zones by using questionnaire survey, aiming at attitude toward crosswalk usage and experience in crossing roads in the school zone. In addition, safety attitudes toward road crossing in a scenario are examined through a set of hypothetical scenarios based on 4 components, including pedestrian traffic light, crosswalk marking, intersection, and obstruction around a crosswalk. Results from 430 respondents indicate that female students have better attitudes toward road crossing, and worse experience of road crossing in a school zone, comparing to male counterparts. The experimental design results reveal that pedestrians feel most secure to cross in a crosswalk with pedestrian traffic light, which has a 2.14 higher score points, comparing with those pedestrians without traffic light. Besides, it is found that crossings at nearby intersection and with obstacles together have a significantly higher risk to cross.
ณัฐสัญญ์ ปัญญาวิสุทธิชัย
Evaluation of Mitigation for Increasing Efficiency of Toll Plaza: A Case Study of Asoke 3 and Asoke 4 Toll Plaza
Expressway traffic demand tends to be rapidly increased especially during morning and evening rush hour. The main solution is to reduce traffic congestion, especially in front of toll plaza, in order to improve toll plaza capacity. These can be done by developing existing electronic toll collection system (ETC) into electronic toll collection system without barrier (Nonstop lane; NSL) and increasing the number of toll collection staff in front of toll booth for manual toll collection system (MTC). However, it is necessary to know the proper number that should be added in order to apply such method. Therefore, this study evaluates the efficiency of Asoke 3 and Asoke 4 toll plaza. The microscopic simulation model of AIMSUN had been developed to analyze traffic evaluation and efficiency of various scenarios. The results indicated that adding 10 toll collection staff per toll booth accompanied with nonstop lane can be applied for Asoke 3 toll plaza during evening rush hour, as it improves toll plaza flow by 0.52%. While adding 5 toll collection staff per toll booth accompanied with nonstop lane can be applied for Asoke 4 toll plaza during morning rush hour, as it improves toll plaza flow by 12.73%. Afterward, these measures were applied. It was found that the efficiency of toll plaza is increased on the condition that toll plaza has heavy traffic volume.
Evaluation of Traffic Congestion Mitigation at Atnarong Interchange using Microscopic Simulation Model
The Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT) has been operating Chalerm Mahanakorn Expressway and Chalongrat Expressway. While the first one supports travelers from different regions into the central business district, the other has a connecting road to Chalerm Mahanakorn at Atnarong interchange. The arrivals from both expressways are heading to Bangkok Port (Taruea). The traffic stream will merge at Atnarong interchange, with approximately 8,700 vehicle per hour during morning rush hour, and the road climbs up from ground level to elevated level which is the bottleneck, causing about a 3.15 km. long queue stranded on Chalerm Mahanakorn Expressway. Therefore, the microscopic simulation model of AIMSUN had been developed to analyze traffic evaluation and efficiency of various scenarios to mitigate traffic congestion. The results indicated that the restriping case is the most effective case for traffic congestion mitigation in regard to maximum queue length, average speed, average travel time and traffic flow at Atnarong interchange.
Evaluation of Reversible Lane on Inbound of Chalong Rat Expressway
Due to traffic congestion on the Chalong Rat inbound expressway during rush hour in the morning, EXAT has daily average traffic volume of 1.9 million trips per day resulting in vehicles accumulation along Rama 9 Road to Ramindra Road. While the traffic was light in the opposite direction. EXAT started using reversible lane to decrease congestion on the inbound expressway from the Sta.12+100 to Sta.7+700. The problem must be resolved with reversible lane. From reviewed and researched the traffic volume to improved traffic operations. The research, inbound expressway has a capacity of approximately 7,849 vehicles per hour and 2,540 vehicles per hour for outbound, 76:24 as ratio, which is suitable for “Reversible Lane”, Its use is most applicable on multi-lane roadways with a directional imbalance. EXAT moved the exit from Sta.7+700 to Sta. 6+400 in order to pass beyond the Rama 9 Road which has high congestion. In accordance with the principles of Reversible Lane to mitigate peak period congestion, the barrier exiting has been improving from 20 meters to 35 meters which is the highest width that can be performed for Sta.12+100 and Sta. 6+400. The structure of exiting was constructed and redesigned to be slippery and easy to use including road signs at kilometer markers 500 and kilometer markers 1000. For the traffic safety, 6 road signs with variable message sign and matrix sign was designed to be LED light banner to warn the user in the outbound expressway then announced in the Government Gazette for Reversible Lane on the expressway. EXAT has lined the traffic cones along the road for over 6 kilometers and vehicles with flashing lights at the entry point for clear observation. This starts between 6.30 am to 9.00 am from the evaluation this method reduces the congestion and increases the level of service by flow up 10.8%, Travel time decreases from 15.7 min to 13.3 min. in mainline and 8.3 min. in reversible lanes. Economic benefit 11.4 million baht per kilometers per years or 36 million baht per year.
เทพฤทธิ์ รัตนปัญญากร
Modal Choice after Opening New Railway in Bangkok - Case of Dark Red Line –
Although urban road traffic studies have been conducted extensively in Bangkok, the survey of demand elasticity for service levels such as travel time, fare, and frequency of the urban rail transit has not been insufficiently carried out and understood. Thus, it is impossible to estimate the number of railway passengers accurately and set the service levels for the urban railways currently being developed. Therefore, it is strongly required to clarify the influence of service levels on railway demand. For that purpose, we conducted a stated preference survey along the Dark Red Line (DRL) that is scheduled to open later this year. We estimated a discrete modal choice model and examined the choice preference concerning fare, travel time, and frequency. The survey was conducted in the vicinity of DRL stations, namely Rangsit and Thammasat University stations. Among the 243 samples collected, 174 are valid and completed. A multinomial logit (MNL) model was estimated where the likelihood-ratio and hit-ratio are satisfied. The results revealed that shorter travel time and more comfortable access transportation are significantly preferable. On the other hand, variation in fare level did not have a significant effect on mode choice.
Travel Time Estimation on Tollways Based on Bluetooth Scanner Data
Travel time is one of the most important factors that help traveler making decisions and choosing the appropriate route. Furthermore, it also helps road authorities to manage traffic and solve traffic problems efficiently. Therefore, travel time information is necessary to be highly accurate and reliable. The objective of this paper is to develop the method for estimating travel time based on Bluetooth scanner data, which is a relatively new technology that has recently implemented in Thailand. MAC Addresses of entertainment devices and mobile phones in vehicles were detected by the Bluetooth scanners installed along the Don Mueang Tollway. The researchers have developed the process of data collection, data filtering, and travel time estimation. Moreover, we have compared Bluetooth travel time accuracy with the actual travel time. Additionally, the penetration rate calculated based on number of MAC Addresses and traffic count collected from the video image processing cameras. The results showed that travel time estimated from the Bluetooth scanners can be used to inform travelers and road authorities to manage traffic.
จุฑาทิพย์ อาจหาญ
สโรช บุญศิริพันธ์
Comparative Evaluation of Mobile Probeand Fixed Sensor for Traffic Report System : A Case Study on Kanchanapisek Expressway (Bang Phli - Suksawat)
The evaluation of Mobile Probe utilization for reporting traffic conditions system on expressways was conducted by focusing on the accuracy results of using probe to report traffic conditions of expressway comparing with the fixed sensors which were installed onsite and more costly than probe. The Kanchanapisek Expressway (Bang Phli-Suksawat) with the total length of 22.5 Km was selected to be a study area since all essential traffic data for constructing and calibrating the simulation model are available in this route due to prior implementation of the fixed sensors network for EXAT ITS corridor project. The Microscopic Simulation Model developed by AIMSUN 7.0 program was employed to analyze and evaluate the performance of Mobile Probe for reporting traffic conditions. The Traffic Simulation Model was calibrated and validated with 85 percent of accuracy by using traffic flow rate, average speed, and traffic density measured onsite by the ITS sensor network system. The traffic volumes at relevant toll plaza were gathered from Revenue Audit Database and used as input traffic parameter. The results show that only 3-5 percent of mobile probe data can be represented the average vehicle speed of road users with 85 percent of accuracy. Beside, others issues regarding the utilization of mobile probe comparing with fixed sensors have been discussed on matter of the transportation engineering basis.
Behavioral Factor Analysis of Road Pricing Measures Acceptance in Chiang Mai Urban Area
Socio–economic growth in Chiang Mai province can affect the development of trade, land use, commerce and household. Also, it can increase the number of trips to the Central Business District (CBD) area and cause traffic congestion in the inner area of Chiang Mai city. Previous studies present an effective policies such as toll road, and Area Pricing in Singapore and London. However, the implementation of those schemes seems to be difficult and needed the acceptance of road users in other cities. Therefore, this research aims to analyze factors influencing the acceptance of Pricing Scheme in Chiang Mai province. Interviewed motorcycle and private car users are collected by 120 examples randomly. Then, various factors related to the Area Pricing Scheme are analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis technique. The analysis results indicate that the sets of variables such as awareness of consequences, anticipated emotion, subjective norm and past behavior can significant the acceptability of Area Pricing Scheme in Chiang Mai.
สุรเมศวร์ พิริยะวัฒน์
Modeling Behavior of Car-Sharing Platform: A Case Study of Motorcycle Taxi Users in Bangkok Metropolitan Area
Motorcycle taxi is the popular and important mode of transport in Bangkok due to its high flexibility, accessibility and convenience, especially the rush hours. It is also well serving as the feeder system to the main mass rapid transit line. However, the motorcycle taxi services in Bangkok are facing several problems such as the unreliable fare rate, unavailability during the peak hours and non-safe driving behavior of service providers. The motorcycle-sharing service is, therefore, served as the effective alternative to the traditional one and is expected to help enhancing the livability and the quality of life of people living in Bangkok. This research aims to analyze the factors influencing the behavior of motorcycle taxi passengers and to determine the underlying mechanisms that make them shift their modal choice to a motorcycle-sharing service. Our 372 samples are selected from passengers who use motorcycle taxi as a feeder to mass rapid transit systems (BTS and MRT) in the central business area of Bangkok. The analysis is implemented based on the stated preference approach and the binary logit model based on a random utility theorem. We found that the factors that significantly affect the selection of motorcycle-sharing are gender, age, income and the availability of motorcycle license. On the other hand, the ownership of motorcycles and private cars have the adverse effect on the preference of motorcycle-sharing. The accuracy of prediction based on our binary logit model is 73.43% with the adjusted-R2 of 0.2504. Our results can be used to design the appropriate schemes of fare system trading-off the increment in the travel time with the reduction in the travel cost, or vice versa, to stimulate the attractiveness of a motorcycle-sharing service.
วีรชัย โสธนนันทนฺ
พงษ์สันธ์ บัณฑิตสกุลชัย
A Study of Toll Plaza Traffic Control In The Case of Construction and Maintenance.
The Expressway construction or maintenance is effected to user and officer’s safety. A traffic control is needed to be managing in order to protect user and officer from accident. There are different between toll plaza traffic control and road traffic control. The standard for toll plaza traffic control in Thailand is not complete currently. The aim of this study is to analyses a safety traffic control which suitable for toll plaza work zone. Speed information on different physical type of toll plaza is collected. An average vehicle speed at the toll plaza is 35 – 61 kilometers per hour. Calculate the taper length from speed information; the suitable taper length is 20 – 70 meters. The taper length is similar when compare with FDOT (Florida Department of Transportation) Design Standard, (2013). In conclusion, it can define 3 cases which are 1) In front of toll plaza 2) At toll plaza and 3) Behind toll plaza.
นาย ปิยภัค มหาโพธิ์
จิรวัฒน์ เพลิงศรีทอง
นันทวรรณ พิทักษ์พานิช
Analysis of Travel Demand Management for Supporting Public Transport System in Chiang Mai City
Traffic congestion problem in Chiang Mai City during peak hours mainly causes travel delays. To alleviate this problem, Travel Demand Management (TDM) is practically utilized as an effective method to control and/or reduce the uses of private vehicles. Moreover, it also can promote other alternative transportation modes. This research aims to create a framework to analyze factors which can influence the application of TDM measures for local and relevant agencies using the SWOT analysis and Concordance technique to screen and prioritize important factors. This study explores insights from expert groups from local and relevant agencies to give the TDM information. The results show the pros and cons of all measures and also indicate important factors for TDM application in Chiang Mai city including social impacts, acceptance, economy, etc.
กานต์ชนก ทองทิพย์
Analysis of The Effect of Temperature Variation on Failure Resistance of Recycle Material Stabilized with Bitumen Emulsion
This study uses cold recycling method to improve material performance which would evidently improve adhesion, mechanical strength and resistance of failure. These give the stabilized material a longer life span. The Unconfined compressive strength testing is used to study the material behavior in terms of resistance of shear strength. Also, this study takes the thermal variation into consideration since we assume that this variable would play a significant role in the resistance of shear strength. In this study, Unconfined compressive strength testing. The stabilized material is blended from reclaimed asphalt pavement 25 percent and reclaimed crush rock 75 percent and mixed with 2 - 3 percent bitumen emulsion and admixtures. Testing at 30 – 50 degree Celsius. The results show the compatibility of resistance of shear strength for bitumen stabilized material on each factor.
สิริกมล สายน้ำเย็น
บุญชัย แสงเพชรงาม
Effect of new transit line on mode shift: A case study of BTS green line southern extension
The opening of the BTS Skytrain extension caused the passenger to change the mode of transportation from other modes to the rail system. The purposes of this research were to study the travel behavior change and the factors affecting the trend of using the BTS Skytrain extension. The study area was Puchao Station to Kheha Station. A sample was selected from passengers of BTS Green Line Southern Extension who travel regularly. The purpose of the trip was home-based work or home-based education. The sample didn’t change residence, workplace, or school after the extension was opened. Data were collected via the questionnaires. The first part was the questions about travel behavior both before and after the opening of the extension. And the second part was the questions about factors affecting the trend of using BTS Skytrain extension, a scenario which had three components: the waiting time, changing train at Samrong Station, and fares. The study suggested that most of the samples traveled by public transport in the part. It can be divided into two groups: group traveling by BTS Skytrain as part of the trip and group traveling without BTS Skytrain. The result from scenario design showed that the increase of waiting time and fares, changing train at Samrong Station reduced the trend of using BTS Skytrain extension. Also, there were factors other than the service affecting the trend of using the BTS Skytrain extension as well.
Solving the Messenger problem using Large Neighborhood Search
This research studies the vehicle routing problem of parcel shipping. Which, instead of using one trip per job, this study introduces a more efficient approach by combining several jobs and turning them into a series of pickup and delivery services. Large Neighborhood Search Metaheuristics is used to solve a mathematical model formulated based on the characteristics of problem such as vehicle capacity and service time windows, seeking the most efficient route and pickup and delivery order. For simplicity, the impact of road traffic is disregarded. The study shows that the total cost of this approach is significantly lower compared to the conventional method.
ธนาวัฒน์ สิทธิสันติกุล
Road Safety Audit after Completion of Road Safety Improvement Project of Bang Khwai Interchange on Motorway No. 7
This article presents the results of the road safety audit after completion of the “Road Safety Improvement Project of Bang Khwai Interchange on Intercity Motorway No. 7”. The project was intended to solve high frequent road accidents at the interchange, especially for trucks and trailers. After the project completion, the road safety audit was conducted together with the collection of accidental records in order to verify the results of the road safety audit and the effectiveness of the project. The results of the study indicated that the main causes of the accidents were inadequate pavement width at the curve and over speeding. It also showed that the problems were effectively solved by lane realignment, pavement widening and installation of various traffic calming devices.
ธันวิน สวัสดิศานต์
วันเสด็จ บุณยะวันตัง
วสันต์ พฤกษางามชล
Performance Analysis of Restricted U-Turn Vehicles at Median Openings Using Microscopic Traffic Simulation
A median opening with restricted U-Turn vehicles (or a median U-turn separating between motorcycles and cars) is a new median opening design that has been paid attention and gradually applied on the main road to address traffic and safety problems. The objective of this paper was to analyze the performance of the median openings with restricted U-Turn vehicles and comparing the operational efficiency of the various patterns of median openings including (1) median opening without storage U-turn lane; (2) median opening with storage U-turn lane; (3) median opening with separate motorcycle U-turn opening; and (4) median opening with separate motorcycle U-turn opening and signal control. This paper applied the microscopic traffic simulation model to analyze the performance in terms of queue length, travel time, and level of service to the median opening with restricted U-Turn vehicles on the National Highway Number 101 at km 364+356 in Nan Province. The simulation results presented the performance of individual median opening and the traffic condition for which median opening is suitable. The simulation can be used as a tool to recommend highway engineers the suitable type of median opening in different current and future circumstances.
Road Safety Assessment and iRAP Star Ratings for High-risk Schools in Bangkok
Each year, up to 186,300 children lose their lives from road traffic accidents around the world. Thailand has been among the top countries with highest death rate in road traffic accidents, according to WHO global status report in 2018. Each year more than 2,600 Thai children die on the roads. Moreover, 72,000 young people were injured from road accidents. Children are particularly vulnerable road users, and the safety of children walking along and across roads is the major concern. In this study, we utilized the concept of Star Rating for Schools methodology from iRAP (International Road Assessment Programme). A total of four schools in Bangkok metropolitan region with high risks were selected as case studies, namely, Wat Donmuang School, Wat Sing School, Assumption College (Primary Section), and Wat Sutthiwararam School. Roads accident data in school’s area was collected from secondary sources. Field data collection was conducted at main and access roads nearby selected schools. Results indicate that such a methodology can be applied to Thai schools. In addition, it was found that certain sections of access roads to the schools in the present study still fall into 1 or 2-star roads, while the minimum acceptable criterion according to the World Health Organization (WHO) road safety targets is 3-stars or better. This prompts local road authorities to upgrade such road sections to a higher standard. Proven road safety improvements were also suggested.
เกริกฤทธิ์ ศรีรุ่งวิกรัย
พิณทิพย์ ศิระอำพร
Car Sharing and Transport Development for Smart Tourism
Bangsaen is the most famous tourist destination of Chonburi province for a long time. About three million tourists visited tourism attraction in Bangsaen area. However, traveling between tourist attractions in the area is not comfort in case of tourists do not have their own cars. This study was aimed to determine the feasibility of car sharing system that will be the alternative mode for traveling between tourist attractions and will also be able to change the travel behavior of tourists who have driven their own cars to change the mode of transportation by public transport or even high-speed trains that will be operated in the near future. The study area was defined to cover the Saen Suk Municipality and nearby areas. Data were collected by interviewing using Stated Preference (SP) technique from 400 sets of tourists on Saturday and Sunday. The results of this study was found that 83.25% of tourists did not have any information about car sharing services, only 4.25% travel using public transit, 65.75% willing to use car sharing services if available, and believe that car sharing services might support to increase number of tourists in this area.
ณัฐธิณี น้ำทิพย์
เอกพงศ์ เพาะกลาง
ปิติ โรจน์วรรณสินธุ์
Accident Analysis for Horizontal Curves of Two-Lane Rural Roads
On two-lane rural roads in Thailand, curve segments are among the most hazardous locations leading to road traffic accidents, which need an urgent action to reduce accident frequency and severity. In general, horizontal curve segments can be classified into four types: a circular curve, a compound curve, a reverse curve, and a broken-back curve. For each type of horizontal curve, the risk of accident occurrence and its safety treatments are varied. The focus of this paper is two-fold. First, this study classified horizontal curve segments on two-lane rural road network by curve type using alignment data from GPS vehicle tracking system. Second, the study conducted accident analysis to examine the relationship between road attribute and accident data for each curve type using 3-year historical accident data. The results from the analysis indicated that the types of horizontal curve segments affect fatal and severe injury accident rates; accidents involving motorcycles have the highest accident rate on broken-back curves, while accidents involving cars have the highest accident rate on reverse curves.
เกษศิรินทร์ บุญตัน
Site Characteristics and Installation Criteria for Crash Cushion on Elevated Road
Crash cushions were installed in Don Muang Tollway (DMT) elevated road. Nine units were installed in the gore area of exit ramps. They are conformed to NCHRP 350 standard, TL 2 level which is capable of 80 km/hr collision. Cost of each unit is quite high. When crashed, compensation and re-installation cost is high. So, the existence of crash cushions is reconsidered. Installation criteria have been reviewed and reconsidered again. AASHTO Roadside Design Guide gives selection criteria for crash cushion. The criteria are speed, traffic volume, accident frequency and maintenance ability. However, installation decision is still based on designer’s consideration without quantitative criteria. In the case of elevated road in Thailand, severe accident is car plunges off the road. Thus, the main consideration should be 1) a chance of crash to death on fixed objects and 2) a chance to plunge off the way. Most of plunge off cases were happened on wide-median barrier transition unit which is on Y-shape exit ramp. DMT has only narrow medians which is I-shape and V-shape exit ramp. The narrow gap of V-shape ramp is only 0.9-2 m but still have a chance of falling. So, highly attention should be paid on V-shape exit which has only 3 locations on DMT by the reason of plunge rather than suddenly crash. However, for more confidence of safe road service, 9 crash cushions are still remained. More safety devices will be added to increase driving safety.
เอกรินทร์ เหลืองวิลัย
วิทวงศ์ กาญจนชมภู
Application of Artificial Neural Networks and Neighboring Sections Relationship in the Short-Term Travel Time Prediction on Urban Roadways
In general, travel times on urban road networks are highly stochastic due to various disturbance factors from surrounding environment. However, most of the existing short-term travel time prediction techniques on these roadways are very simple methods e.g. using the travel time from historical database to expect the forthcoming travel time according to a specified date and time, or using the current travel time for representing the forecasted travel time of the study section. There was lack of consideration on the forming and dissipating trends of traffic congestion, and the effects from the neighboring road sections which commonly influences the traffic conditions and travel times of the study sections. This study aims to develop the robust travel time prediction models by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) technique together with the integrating of data from neighboring sections as the candidates for model inputs. The testing results from the real field data on urban roadway networks in Bangkok CBD indicated the proposed technique was superior to the baseline models in all testing scenarios. Furthermore, in the case that data from target section was missing, this paper also suggested the model that could address the travel time prediction problem with acceptable results.
The Evaluation of Travel Time Saving on Urban Expressway
The objective of this study aims to evaluate the travel time saving on the expressway by comparing the travel time between using expressway and ordinary road at the same origin and destination which is similar route in terms of physical characteristics and expressway user be able to made an alternative route. The data collection both on expressway and ordinary road using the floating-car technique and collect the trajectory data with GPS data logger. The comparison between 4 sections of urban expressway and ordinary road in morning and evening rush hour period have been used as study area consisting of Ramindra-Rama 9 and Ngamwongwan-Yommarat in morning rush hour and Rama 9-Ramindra and Phaholyothin-Srinagarindra in evening rush hour. After comparing the travel time between using expressway and ordinary road, the result shows that the using of expressway in rush hour period tends to save the travel time more than 40% comparing with the ordinary road. The result can be concluded that the performance of traffic management on the expressway especially during rush hour is efficient enough to operate the exceeded demand in such period. The contribution of this study will be extended to assess the efficiency for other expressway routes in the future.
พรณรงค์ เลื่อนเพ็ชร
Study on the Start-Up Lost Time and Saturation Headway at the Signalized Intersection With and Without Countdown Display
Start-up lost time and saturation headway are the key parameters in designing the lane configuration and traffic signal control of signalized intersection. It could depict the behavior of different drivers in different locations and also indicates the traffic management performance of each intersection. By knowing the correct start-up lost time and saturation headway, the signal control can be designed appropriately, which leads to the efficient intersection management. In this paper, based on the field survey data from 3 countdown signalized intersections and 3 non-countdown signalized intersections in Bangkok area, a comparative analysis of the start-up lost time and saturation headway has been made. The analysis showed that the average start-up lost time of each intersection was ranging between 1.99 to 4.50 seconds; the average start-up lost time of the signalized intersections with and without countdown displays were no statically significant different with the value of 3.54 and 3.28 seconds, respectively. The average saturation headway of each intersection varied from 2.36 to 2.75 seconds; the average saturation headways of signalized intersections with and without countdown displays were 2.58 and 2.50 seconds, respectively, with no statically significant different. Furthermore, the hypothesis testing on the data collected during peak and off-peak periods showed that the start-up lost time and saturation headway from both periods were not statically significantly different as well.
ซุกรอน เซ็งสาเมาะ
Simulation Model for Traffic Impact Assessment of Weigh-in-Motion System Implementation
Restricting time and route of heavy vehicles leads to the problem of heavy traffic and travel delays, which resulting in higher cost in transportation and causing damages to road infrastructure. In other to make the truck weight standard system to be in control and more effective, the road agencies have set up weighing truck stations on the road network. However, the truck weigh operation affects the truck traffic and overall traffic along the road network. Recently, the automatic weighing system using Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) has been gaining acceptance in weighing heavy vehicles and pre-screening the overweight vehicles. The objective of this research is to assess the traffic impact of different types of automatic weighing truck system on the 4-lane roads by using microscopic traffic simulation models, and then compare their traffic impacts. This research developed the models for 3 weigh truck systems including (1) weighing stations using static loads (2) weighing stations using WIM for screening overweight trucks and (3) weighing stations using WIM for weighing. The models assessed traffic impact using the average travel speed, service delay and queue length. The results will help suggest the conditions for establishing the weigh stations in various forms and traffic condition that are suitable with the Weight-in-Motion system.
โสรยา ปิยะวราภรณ์
A study on speeding and driving behavior on Chonburi’s urban fringe roads
This article is the part of “A Study of Speeding Behavior and Driver Behavior on Chonburi’s Road Networks” by focusing on Chonburi’s urban fringe roads. The samples were selected by accidental random sampling from focused groups, private car drivers and motorcycle riders, to response the demographic and speeding behavior questions. By using questionnaire survey technique, the available data from 284 respondents were obtained. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistical technique to explore overall information of the samples. Then, the data of two samples groups was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The findings show that “driving exceed speed limit experiences” is significantly affected by, the past behavior, “punishment experiences” for both groups. Besides, “speeding behavior” also significantly effects the “driving exceeds speed limit experience” for private car group.
พิชญ์สินี กุลเอกสรชา
จัตุรงค์ อินทะนู
Analysis of Impact of Introduction of Bus Rapid Transit on Land Price in Developing City - Case Study of Managua city, Republic of Nicaragua
Most of the cities in developing countries are car-dependent, which causes traffic congestion. In order to decrease traffic congestion, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is introduced. In addition, it is not only necessary to convert demand from automobile-use but also to form urban corridors along the BRT routes and make significant changes to the urban structure. In that sense, it is also essential to estimate external effects such as urban development in the evaluation of BRT introduction. Therefore, in this study, we focused on changes in asset value as one of the external effects of introducing BRT and analyzed the impact of the introduction of BRT. This asset value is defined as land price. In analyzing the impact of its introduction, the land price data was collected from the website of real estate and a land price formula with explanatory variables such as the convenience of transportation, house quality, shopping convenience, and the Possibility of landslides, was derived by using the hedonic price approach. And then, the difference in land prices with/without the introduction of BRT was analyzed. As a result, land prices in the zones along BRT lines but also suburban zones have risen. This result means that was spread the impact of the introduction of the BRT system to the entire city. In conclusion, it was clarified that the introduction of BRT would have a substantial effect not only on the transportation market but also on the external market such as real estate and contribute to the development of the urban areas.
Risk assessment of railway switch failures
Railways are becoming the main transportation system in Thailand. The way to manage railway assets are extremely important in order to make the system more reliable. This study presents how the risk of railway assets could be assessed and managed. The process of risk management is based on ISO31000, and the method used to assess the risk is the Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA). Switches and crossings on the Airport Rail Link city line are considered. The results obtained are not only applicable to evaluate the effectiveness of the current maintenance program, but they can also be used to create a proper preventive maintenance plan in the future.
ธิตินันท์ รวมทรัพย์
โรจนัสถ์ รัตนวัน
รัฐพงศ์ มีสิทธิ์
ภาสุรีย์ ล้ำสกุล
An Analysis of Preference Heterogeneity in Residential Choice Behaviour
In the present, the public transportation via rail are significantly developed and covering in many areas. Currently, railway development has already been covered over 153 kilometers. This has given the influence on land use, creating more real estate development along the route. It is necessary to know amount of travel demand and populations in area precisely. To know this number, it is required a comprehension of various population behavior in choosing residence as an important factor. Hence, the objective of this study is to learn the various behaviors of each group of people with different habitat characteristics or the heterogeneity preference. Since each people has different taste, preference, interest, and lifestyles of choosing their own residences. The researcher considered that ‘Homogeneous selection’ analysis through the method of ‘Discrete choice model’ was not giving an accurate result to the behavior of choosing residence in the real situation. In this research, it is using 3 compared models including, Multinomial Logit model (MNL), Mixed Logit model (MMNL), and Latent class model (LC). Researcher checked Goodness of fit of mentioned model via Maximum likelihood method. The data of this analysis gather a sample survey. The total sample was 2,400 samples from people who lived in Bangkok and Nonthaburi province by creating a scenario (Stated preference or SP) of housing selection. However, the analysis illustrated that each persons’ housing selection behavior are statistically different. We divided people with similar characteristic into a group of economic, and social factor. Example of sub divided group included, number of members in household, average income, and status of each respondent.
ธวัชชัย คงสุวรรณ์
วราเมศวร์ วิเชียรแสน
A study pedestrian behavior crossroads at signal light: Case study in Chiang Mai
Pedestrians are a group of people that have higher risks to have an accident and death. as compared to drivers or passengers traveling by car at the percentage of 13 in the Southeast Asian region. The researchers could find the main problem that most people do not follow traffic rules. Therefore, this study aimed at studying the behavior of pedestrians at crosswalks around traffic lights in the city of Chiang Mai. Then, there were planning and design for the appropriate time of traffic lights on the pedestrian route. The data in this research was collected by video recording on the footpath. The results demonstrated that the speed of male pedestrians was faster than female’s, and the speed of pedestrians in the same age range was relatively similar speed. The average walking speeds of male and female under 18th, male and female between 18th to 60th and male and female over 60th pedestrians were 1.42, 1.30, 1.55, 1.50, 1.38 and 1.37 m/s respectively and the maximum flow rate saturation is 43 ped/min/m. The study of the vehicle virtualization program by analyzing pedestrian population, the optimum duration of the signal light that allows pedestrians to cross, and the appropriate duration of the light signal that allows the mobile vehicle must be appropriate with the population of pedestrian and vehicle volume at that time, the population of 500-1,000, 1,001-2,000 and 2,001-3,000 ped/h. is suitable to the period of time that allows pedestrians to cross the road at 10 seconds. The optimum duration of the light signal that allows vehicles to move is 240-300, 120-240 and 30-120 seconds respectively.
พรภวิษย์ ตาจุมปา
ภูมิพิชญ์ จันทร์เทพ
The guidelines development of road safety audit for motorcycle
Nowadays Thailand has high rates of the road accidents issue by motorcycles on the top of the world rank. The factors that cause the accident include the driver's behavior, the pattern of motorcycles and the physical characteristics of roads and the environment. From the literature review, it is found that the current road safety audit tool is the road safety audit system. However, tools used for road safety inspections, such as iRAP, can be used to check quality. The purpose of this study is to develop a safety inspection program and determine the appropriate road for the risk and severity of motorcycle accidents. A comprehensive study for the development of road safety assessment and safety inspection of iRAP motorcycles In Thailand. It is expected to lead to an improvement suggestion on the Road Safety Audit or iRAP in the future.
A Criteria Consideration of Asphalt Binder for Surface Pavement on Expressway
At present, Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT) has operated 8 expressways covering total length of 224.6 kilometers with 1.91 million trips per day (fiscal year 2019). Therefore, EXAT have to focus on a maintenance work on expressway, especially surface pavement which is firstly support for load from vehicle. Most of the expressways are constructed surface pavement with asphalt concrete type AC 60/70. The problem is each expressway had different traffic volume and types of vehicles which effected to damage of surface pavement in different cases. Currently, there are no criteria to considerate the selection of asphalt binder in the surface pavement maintenance, which may cause the selected asphalt binder is not support the current traffic volume. The misused asphalt binder leads to a un-plan maintenance and over budget using. The researcher collected relevant theories and research in order to prepare the criteria for selecting asphalt binder for surface pavement on the expressway bring to an effective and worthwhile maintenance.
ฐิติพงศ์ สุขเสริม
Preference on Shared Mobility of Students in University Campus A Case Study of Chulalongkorn University
Chulalongkorn University (CU) is the first Thai national university, where the campus is located in the central business district area (CBD) of Bangkok. CU provides a free shuttle bus service (CU Pop bus) which provides circulation within campus and connects to other public transport stations nearby. However, presently the bus service is popular and becomes crowded due to limited capacity. CU also provides innovative shared mobility services, namely shared small vehicle (Ha:mo) and for-hired shared tricycle (Muvmi), and shared bicycle (CU Bike), to enhance travel options and to provide more comfort, access, and increased capacity. This study aimed to investigate preference of the students on shared mobility services in the campus and to analyze the demand of the shared mobility in relation to service price. The data came from 370 samples from questionnaire survey. The data were then analyzed by descriptive analyses and multiple linear regression. The results show that the most popular modes in the campus are CU Pop bus. The analyses on service satisfaction show the factors that students are satisfied with the current services. Notable factors of shared mobility services are cost and waiting time (Ha:mo and Muvmi). Multiple linear regression demand models for Ha:mo and Muvmi uncover that the total amount of usage is dependent on whether the students are current users and have driving license (Ha:mo), gender (Muvmi), and satisfaction on travel time. Reduction in cost or service fee can also attract students to more usage of these shared mobility services.
พงษ์ศักดิ์ บัณฑิตสกุลชัย
Factors Influencing Physiological Equivalent Temperature and Thermal Comfort for Developing and Promoting Green Walkway Usage
In recent years, provisioning urban green space has been highlighted as an essential strategy for urbanization planning and sustainable urban development. Walkway facilities and roadside trees are the key elements of urban green spaces for leisure and recreational activities of urban residents, of which the exposure could provide psychological and physiological health benefits to the residents. This study therefore aims to investigate the human psychological responses and their influential factors after short walks along urban walkways through a model for evaluating the Physiological Equivalent Temperature. Various environment factors and personal physiological factors were used to evaluate the psychological responses of participants. The thermal comfort condition of the selected walkway was considered using the Psychological Equivalent Temperature (PET). The results of the study can be used as a guidance to develop the physical and environmental features of the green walkways, while encouraging pedestrian usage.
ณัฐดนัย สุวรรณมณี
Analysis of factors affecting the decision to select travel modes in Mahidol University Salaya Campus
Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, has many intracampus traveling mode choices for travelers. Trips may be divided into two forms, active travel, and non-active travel. Examples of active travel are walk and bike cycling. Mode choices of students and staffs were explored in this study. The intracampus mode choices mainly have six modes; tram, bicycle, motorcycle-taxi, motorcycle-private, car, and walk. The survey of 923 samples about travel characteristics, satisfaction, and attitude was conducted. The proportions of each traveling mode were 39.7%, 20.8%, 15.7%, 9.4%, 7.4%, and 7.0% for trams, walking, motorcycle-taxi, motorcycle-private, car, and bicycle, respectively. Factors that most affect the level of satisfaction for active travelers were needing to exercise and not too hot weather. The nested logit model was developed. The significant factors were Distance, Cost and Travel time. The prediction accuracies were 83.23% and 83.15%, for the developed and validation data set, respectively. The investigated on modal shift were applied and analyzed.
กิตติชัย ธนทรัพย์สิน
The Study of Disruptive Technology and Innovation Effect on the Transportation Service Businesses
The objective of this research is to evaluate the positive and negative impacts of the technological transition from the globalization era to the Internet of Thing era on strategic planning for the transportation service businesses. This transitional environment has enabled innovators to create innovations that define a new problem-solving framework, which was limited by technology from the globalization era. These innovations have completely changed the behavior of consumers. Therefore, expressway and metro train service providers need to realize the importance of their understanding of the wave of change and be able to respond to today's consumers' needs. The analysis of traffic data in big cities including Bangkok, Thailand suggests that most traffic activities originate from the movements of consumers in seeking goods and services for a variety of purposes such as business, education, and general consumption. However, the Internet of Things technology and innovations have induced reverse flows of the traffic activities where service providers are moving towards the customers in delivering products and providing services instead. There are a number of examples for technology and innovations that change the customers’ behavior such as work from home, online education, and online purchase of goods and services via applications. From the past to the present, consumers choose transportation services such as expressway or mass transit that ensures convenience, reliability, and safety. In the near future, however, transportation system users will generate new traveling patterns that are in line with social and economic changes as well as new normal culture. These factors will affect the operation of such transportation services at several levels. Understanding the transformation of technology and embracing the advent of world-changing innovations in the Internet of Things era, transportation service providers are forced to change, create new business opportunities, and formulate strategies that enable them to excel in the modern world.
Travel Behavior Study and Feasibility of MaaS in Bangkok
Mobility as a Service (MaaS) integrates public transport systems and enhance travelers’ convenience. If the MaaS system can be implemented in Thailand, it could encourage more usage of public transport. Moreover, it might get people to shift away from private transport which is the main cause of traffic congestion in Bangkok. This study aimed to investigate traveling behaviors from those who have experience on multiple travel modes, including shared mobility. This study focused on Chulalongkorn University students’ travel behavior as a case study. Another objective was to explore a feasibility of the MaaS in Bangkok from qualitative interview and Application development. Travel behavior data came from a survey of 681 questionnaires answered by Chulalongkorn University students. The data were then analyzed by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and were summarized by data visualization. The feasibility study of the MaaS came from qualitative interview with 4 service providers, including the Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand (MRTA), BTS, Muvmi, and Ha:mo. The analyses on the users' side showed that priority of traveling factors from high to low as follows: Travel time, comfort and convenience, data reliability, accessibility, safety and fare. On the service providers’ side, all of them are cooperative to launch the MaaS in Thailand. However, important issues must be considered: A fair data sharing and fare distribution. Therefore, the study discovers 6 key ingredients of the MaaS, which are cooperation, public awareness, personalization, user experience, innovation and data sharing. The development and testing of MaaS applications yields prospect result in that the users can take advantages of MaaS feature and wish to make the real use.
ณัฐกานต์ สุรางค์ศรีรัฐ
นันทวัฒน์ ศรัณย์ภัทร
Study Potential Capacity of the U-turn in order to increase efficiency and safety : A case study of U-turn Infront of Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin Salaya Campus
Improving road expansion is affecting demand to change direction of the traffic to the desired direction. Causing demand to return the car. The car that U-turn will affect traffic in the same direction and the opposite side. This research aims to study the Potential Capacity of U-turn point on Put Ta Monthon 5 road or 3414 Highway at kilometers, 9+500 near the Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin Salaya Campus. As a criterion for indicating improvement in the next step. The main consideration is potential capacity. The analysis of the Critical Gap, Conflicting, Main flow and the Follow-up time. To increases capability the U-turn point design. Resulting in increases the safety of staff and students in the university. The results showed that during peak hours, traffic volume, was over the potential capacity, and also the U-turn point is dangerous because it has to cut the main traffic flow is an amount much. Suggestions for further studies Agreed to study the impact of traffic in case of increasing capacity in the U-turn, such as increasing the number of U-turn In the direction of arrival in Bangkok.
สิริศักดิ์ ยิ้มย่อง
Statistical Analysis of iRAP Star Rating on Thai Rural Road Network
Road Safety Problem is a huge competitive disadvantage of our country. While the major cause of most accident is human factor, road safety condition is another important risk factor that contribute to the frequency and severity of accident. Hence, it cannnot be neglected. Department of Rural Road has implemented the methodology of International Road Assessment Programme to evaluate the safety condition of road in responsibility. However, parameter used in iRAP methodology are based on foreign study especially accident modification factor which is the critical part of the model. The transferabilty of these parameter is questionable. This study is about the statistical analysis of iRAP star-rating against crashes data. The result of this study suggest the application of current iRAP model and developing framework for more localize model in the future
ขจรศักดิ์ เจิมประไพ
สันติภาพ ศิริยงศ์
ศาศวัต ภูริภัสสรกุล
A Comparative Study of Oil Transportation Modal Choice between Intermodal Rail and Road: A Case Study of Freight Route between Ban Phai Tank Farm Khon Kaen Province to Railway Yard at Thanaleng the Laos People's Democratic Republic.
This research aims at studying influencing factors on the modal choice decision between road and intermodal rail modes for oil transportation between Ban Phai Tank Farm Khon Kaen Province to Railway Yard at Thanaleng the Laos People's Democratic Republic, that best suits stakeholders’ needs. According to the interviews with stakeholders, it is found that among five influencing factors including time, cost, flexibility, safety, and reliability, time and cost outweigh the other factors. In addition, the input information on each influencing factors are collected to determine the weighted score of each mode which are used as the input for multi-criteria decision analysis technique called analytic hierarchy process. The results show that the intermodal rail is more preferred to the road with the total sum weighted score of 0.63 and 0.37, respectively.
THE STUDY OF MAXIMUM SERVICE RATE OF TRUCK TOLL BOOTH AT BOTH OPENED AND CLOSED SYSTEM
One of the traffic congestion in front of the tollgate is that the traffic demand is higher than the tollgate capacity. In particular, long queues occur in front of the truck toll booth during the truck peak hour. The objective of this study is to determine the maximum service rate of truck toll booth on open and closed toll system. The data were collected from Toll plazas of Department of Highway (DOH) and The Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT). The study found that maximum service rates of truck toll booth between open and closed toll system were different, significantly, and they also depended on the both type of trucks and their compositions. The different types of truck were categorised into: 6 wheels, 10 wheels, more than 10 wheels (Semi Trailer and Trailer). Based on types of truck as described, the maximum service rates on open toll system are 365, 310, 255 and 240 veh/hr, respectively, and the maximum service rates on closed toll system are 240, 205, 180, 165 veh/hr, respectively. It is obvious that open toll system could perform the service rate better than the closed toll system.
พฤกษชาติ เผือกพิพัฒน์
The Relationship between a Numbers of Truck Toll Booths and Truck Volumes & Composition at Toll Plaza
The objectives of this research were to analyze the optimum number of Tollbooths that should be opened based on both volume and trucks composition. Tub Chang toll plaza (Open toll system on M9) were selected to be case study for this research. Microscopic Traffic Simulation (Aimsun) was used as a tool to develop the toll plaza. Service rates of each type of trucks were the major parameters for calibration process. To find the optimum numbers of tollbooth, both truck volumes and compositions were varied entering the network. As the result of this research, the expected delay table for truck was developed to assist finding the optimum numbers of tollbooths should be opened under various truck volumes and compositions.
วีรพงศ์ นวลจันทร์
Study on the 7.62x51 mm bullet resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete panel
This research aimed to investigate the bullet resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete panel at 2% by volume fraction subjected to the 7.62x51 mm bullet. The panel dimension of 400x400 mm and the thickness range of 10 – 100 mm. For the installation and experimental, the panel was installed on the steel platform with a fire distance of 50 meter. The high-speed camera was set up perpendicularly to the specimen that captured images at frame rate 40,000 fps. The panel was tested by firing 1 shot at the panel center. The captured images were used to calculate bullet velocity (before and after impaction). The results shown in terms of the failure mode, impact energy absorption, damage diameter and weight loss. The panel with thickness 60 mm, able to prevent bullet perforation. The thickness of more than 80 mm, back surface wasn’t observed damage from bullet impaction.
อภิสิทธิ์ เตชพัฒนากร
Cause of Defects, Cost of Correction and Guideline to Prevent the Recurrence of Defects in Construction: Case Study of a Hotel Construction
The purpose of this research was to study and analyze the defect data of architectural and interior works of a hotel located in Bangkok, Thailand as a studied project during final inspection and handing over processes. The researcher used database from computer software called “FINALCAD” which has been keeping the quantities, types, locations as well as issued dates and closed dates of all defects in the focused project. In-depth data analysis with various assumptions had been undertaken in the research in purpose of obtaining significant factors that could show main causes of defects and preventions of defect’s recurrence. Cost and Time of rectification were also considered in order to recognize approximated costs and delays of rework. The research has found that “Less of supervision”, “Improper sequence of works” and “Workers have no skill” are 3-main causes of defects, 7.87 days were delayed from 30 days normal working time due to occurrence of defective works and 2.50% of contract price is cost of defect’s rectification. Additionally, 3-key factors to prevent recurrence of defects in studied project consisting of “Control sequence of works”, “More supervision” and “Improve inspection process”. Researcher hope that the result of this research can be applied to improve project quality and prevent defect’s recurrence in other similar projects.
เจริญทรัพย์ งอยจันทร์ศรี
พิชญ์ สุธีรวรรธนา
Application of building information modeling to rebar management for developed housing project
Nowadays, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the new technology which play more role in Thailand construction industry from design stage through operation/maintenance stage. Many large real estate businesses have been applied BIM to improve their operation for efficiency increasing. But small and medium enterprises (SME) real estate businesses which have limitation in capital, technology and manpower, cannot adopt BIM in their operation. Therefore, this research has the objective for study the possibility in BIM application in SME real estate business by using one developed housing project in Chiang Mai province as a case study. BIM application in this research use in constructability checking and estimating step of 1 type houses: less than 200 sq.m. Which will apply BIM technology for construction work in the form of reinforced steel cutting methods. Because the program makes this research more accurate in terms of calculations that are close to the actual use. From the study, it can be concluded that BIM can reduce the steps and loss of rebar in operating costs in these steps. Demonstrated the potential of BIM to be used to assist in the steel cutting process to have a minimum loss rate. This will save a lot of construction costs and help protect the environment by making good use of resources.
ฤทธิ์ทยุต ก้อนทอง
A case study of cost of quality in architectural works in a condominium construction project
A high-rise condominium construction project is usually costly with complicate details of the interior decorations and requirements in aesthetic and functional from buyers of each unit. The requirements affect the inspections and commissioning of each unit and can result in higher cost of quality to the developer. This study aims to determine the failure costs due to reworks of architectural works in a condominium construction project. Architecture rework orders of a 46-story condominium construction project with 554 units, and starting price of 3.99 million baht per unit, were categorized into five main categories, i.e., Floor, Wall, Ceiling, Door & Window, and Sanitary-Ware. The 80/20 Pareto analysis was used to identify 12 major defects. That collectively resulted in 80% of rework orders. The Wall category was found to have the highest number of rework orders, composed of 22.34% of plaster wall defects and 15.23% of wall corner defects. Among the plaster wall defects, 34.08% of the defects are cements finishing defects, while 20.87% of wall corner defects were due to vertical alignment of the wall corner (20.87%). Overall, rework orders of architectural works were issued in 420 units (75.81%). The reworks were carried out in batch of works in the same category and were not carried out by individual order or by unit. With this batching rework approach, the time it takes to close out the rework orders, were prolonged, and commissioning were delayed, resulting in higher cost of quality.
พิจาริน เอ่งฉ้วน
Estimated duration comparison of construction activities by PERT Sample : Ordinary members of Home Builder Association
The purpose of this research is to compare the estimation of construction activities duration by PERT method to reflect on reliability, and to prioritize the factors that affect the estimation of construction period. The sample consisted of planners from house construction companies which are ordinary members of the Home Builder Association. The research instruments are in-depth interviews and questionnaires. By simulating a residential construction project, have the planners estimate the duration of each activity using the PERT method and prioritize the factors. Data analysis includes 1) Descriptive Statistics 2) Likert Ranking Scale. The result demonstrates that (1) The minimum and maximum of schedule are 43.25 days apart, or approximately 1 month and 13 days. (2) A probability value of the schedule that the project will be completed Within the time limit the difference between the lowest and the highest was 99.99% (3) The activity that the planners estimated the most different duration were the plastering activities (4) The average of the highest priority factors of all activity Which can be arranged in descending order as follows : 1.Working skill 2.Weather 3.Site conditions 4.Materials 5.Transportation 6. Machinery 7. Accident.
นครินทร์ ซิ่วนัส
วชรภูมิ เบญจโอฬาร
Using Contractors’ Behavior Patterns to Develop Bidding Strategy in Road Construction Projects
One of the most common problems associated with decision-making every contractor must face is determining bid prices, especially when there is only one chance to submit the best and final offer in government construction projects. Apart from accurate estimating, learning competitors’ behaviors from historical records helps develop strategy that increase chances of winning the bid. So, this study aims to identify competitors’ behavior patterns and analyze the factors affecting them in 119 road construction projects in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The results showed that each contractor has a particular way of bidding. Some have disproportionate low bids or high bids and some bid randomly. In conclusion, the higher number of bidders entered, the wider range of bid price it will be. Also, contractors chose to enter the competition based on the type of road they have expertise in, the location of the site, with a specific range of mark-up determined. Lastly, Average Mean Standardized Bid helps predict contractors’ success ratio as inverse correlations exists between them. Moreover, the results were tested on a 745,200 THB reinforced concrete road construction project of a local government organization whose data were collected in this study. As the outcome, it helped winning the competition with a Mark-Up of -3.47%.
Increasing Value Using BIM and 3D Printing in the Design and Construction Process
At the present moment, building designs in Thailand tend to encounter many delays due to the design process. Redundant work results in a much longer working period which then results in a waste of human resources and time. This can also cause mistakes in the construction of a contractor’s building. Studying building information modeling, or BIM, is a cost-effective solution for the design process. Powerful tools, (coupled with a 3D Printer) during the design process will assist in removing redundant tasks and also provide more accuracy in modeling. We can also remove the error of overlooking and miscalculating material costs by using some obtained data to compare values, worth, construction times and also check for correct implementation of construction standards. We can also translate our files to be used with 3D printers to further our data analysis of a particular construction. Research also shows that designing a building the time for BIM and is much more accurate than strictly using physical human resources. Additionally, we can implement BIM data into Revit to create /design 3D buildings at a much faster rate. Construction of a 3D model also will allow us to break our building / design into parts that can be assembled or disassembled to further see details of a building which can be used in correlation of construction standards and also to see floor plan layouts in a more structured order. A 3D model allows for us to check for consistency and accuracy by producing a small-scale version of a project without the need to start a construct only to find out flaws and miscalculations which would result in possible losses of value, time and human resources.
เอกพิสิษฐ์ บรรจงเกลี้ยง
มานพ แก้วโมราเจริญ
Causes of Delays In Government Construction Projects and Solutions
Currently, construction of one Government office has been delayed in many projects causing damages to the budget disbursement and unable to utilize the buildings as planned. For these reasons, an objective of this study is to find out the cause of the delays. Data was collected by holding an interview with two groups who are owners and contractors. 10 construction projects of this Government office are studied. Study results found that delay caused by owner or government side are handovers of working areas to the contractor and change orders initiated by employer. Caused of delay by contractor found is mainly on financial illiquidity. Furthermore, concurrent delay, which is a delay that not initiated by both parties, found in this study are inoperable due to the heavy rain and a discovered of ancient artifacts in construction area which is required for inspection by third party. In conclusion, 35 delays are found in this study which can be divided into 27 Excusable Delay delays accounted for 77 percent and 8 Non-Excusable delays representing 23 percent.
พีรสิชฌ์ อัฑฒ์สุวีร์
วรรณวิทย์ แต้มทอง
Data analysis in the construction management process using Business intelligence to increase management efficiency
Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) has a mission to procure providing electric power and conducting other related businesses in order to meet the needs of customers for satisfaction in both quality and service. From the analysis of problems of closing jobs and building assets during construction. Found that the analysis and presentation of the original data is a complex statistical numerical value calculation. The format view of the report will come out as numbers and text. Which is a boring view non incentive to follow up information. Therefore, it is the cause of incorrect construction management which affects the closing of accounts and building assets construction in progress does not meet the target. And also affects the return on investment of the organization does not meet the criteria set by the Energy Regulatory Commission. Software packages used in business intelligence are one tool to help solve these problems. This article has experimented with using business intelligence software packages to analyze, connect, transform and display the report data in virtual form. Makes it easy to make decisions. And managing construction work for event planning Job priority Inventory and budget management Speeding up and following up the results of the operations to meet the operational goals. As well as a tool for senior management to evaluate and follow up the work to achieve the organization's goals.
กิตติพงศ์ เชื้ออ้วน
เบญญา สุนทรานนท์
Selections of Facility Management Solutions Approach for A Small Residential Estate Project of Terra da luz, Chiang Mai Province
A small residential estate project which has unit selling less than 10 units. The regulation is not requiring for facility management solution. Therefore, facility management is still in doubt for the customers. Moreover, the project owner must concern about the budget cost. A study is focus on the project of Terra da luz, Chiang Mai that is a single detached house; pool villa style. The area is about 50-100 sq.wa total 6 units and starting price for selling at 15 million baht. The analysis of public utility management, safety and security and new innovation technology will be applied for the currently residential estate. The purpose of this research is to find out the factor of the selection of facilities for this project which maybe face a trouble in the near future. The survey methods are collected by the questionnaire and personal interview. A sample was selected from customers by the questionnaire. For project owner was collected data by the questionnaire and personal interview. Data was analyzed using modified Analytical Hierarchy Process-modified AHP. The findings can be used for appropriate guidelines, including economic worthiness of each selection. The owner will realize that management fee is important for sales and marketing. In terms of the customers, the facility management solution and all expenses will be considered before making decision to buy this residence.
จิตราภรณ์ วุฒิการณ์
พิมพ์สิริ โตวิจิตร
Analysis of Building Information Modeling Inspection Guidelines for University Building Construction
Nowadays, there are many building’s construction projects of the National Universities under care of government in Chiang Mai for the purpose of academic and administration buildings by the application of Building Information Modelling or BIM. Which followed by the problem that the inspectors are not specialise to examine the project based on BIM. Therefore, to solve the issues in the construction projects based on BIM by surveying and interviewing the inspectors and board of Universities.Then, analyse the surveys and interviews to determine the solution aim to help improved the quality of constructions examinations for the Universities. At the first stage of this study, shown that the issues regard to the lack of knowledge toward BIM among the inspectors and board of the Universities. In which resulted in the less effective examination quality of building’s construction projects that base on BIM. Primary, the inspectors and board suggested the training course of BIM for the better understand of it.
นางสาวเบญจวรรณ พักดี
Indoor Air Quality Improvement by Ornamental Plants
The building is a place where people lives and performs daily activities. Good indoor air quality is essential for people who lives inside the building. In order to provide good indoor air quality, this research emphasizes on two indoor air pollutions which are dust particles which is less than 10 microns or PM10 and high concentrations of carbon dioxide. This research aims to study the ability to absorb carbon dioxide and particulate matter by 6 plants consisting of Epipremnum aureum, Asplenium nidus, Nephrolepis exaltata, Cholorophytum comosum, Aglaonema commutatum Schott, and Spathiphyllum. They are put in a box filled with carbon dioxide. Each plant was observed for 24 hours. The results showed that Spathiphyllum has the best ability to reduce carbon dioxide and PM10 dust particle in one day. It can reduce carbon dioxide for 16.45 * 10-4 ppm/cm2/min and PM10 dust particle 28.99 * 10-5 µg/m3/cm2/min. It can also reduce carbon dioxide in the daytime the best. has the best ability to reduce carbon dioxide during the daytime. It can reduce carbon dioxide at a rate of 2.22 ppm/min. Epipremnum aureum has the best ability to reduce carbon dioxide at nighttime. It can reduce carbon dioxide at a rate of 0.29 ppm/min. Consequently, this study recommends planting deli in buildings that are mostly used during the day, such as classrooms, to improve the internal air quality.
Construction Delays Analysis a case study of residential condominiums in Chiang Mai
Construction of a total residential condominium project there are many internal and external risk factors. That affects the construction period causing a negative impact on both sides, the project owner and the contractor for the project construction The study of factors affecting the delay of project construction including the scope of those responsible for delays Therefore, it is able to prevent and reduce the impact on the project construction appropriately in the future. The researcher selected the construction project of a case study of a 7-storey residential condominium not over 23 meters in Chiang Mai. Which has construction work delayed than the original plan, amount 1 project by using Microsoft Project to gather construction plan information and analyze plans with an analysis method by collapsed as – built analysis. The result of this research makes it possible to divide 7 factors that affect the project delay, considering all the factors that affect the delay of each construction activity. And when analyzing plans Giving a notice of the number of days found and the number of days that affect the construction period of the project for each factor Which leads to the division of responsibility for the delay which is the non-excusable delay of 5 factors the excusable delay of 1 And 1 compensable delay. The benefit of the research shows that increase efficiency in time management and to prevent similar projects for the construction of residential condominiums in Chiang Mai in the future.
ดำรงศักดิ์ รินชุมภู
Analysis of Facility Management Problems of Buildings in Government University
The purposes of this research are to study the physical conditions and the building resource management problems of the school building of faculty of Architecture, Chiang Mai University. Second, to analyse and understand the problems of building facility management. Third, to improve the efficiency of maintenance and management of the building. On the research was conducted in mainly two parts. First of all was to be analysis of the physical problems of the building. I found that the building is still in good conditions, only some minor defects are appeared from the deterioration in the building. Secondly was analysis of the problems of building facility management by conducting the management, employee and staff survey. As the result, the Thai-culture is still being the most challenge and difficult part to maintain and keep the building in good clean conditions. Since most of users is lack of sense of cleanliness responsibility. I suggest that they should focus on the procedure of the building management and the budget should be well managed on the process. Education and training will help generate and improve over all public responsibility and attitude of all users.
Factors Affecting Construction Delay: A Case Study of the Metropolitan Rapid Transit Pink Line (Khae Rai - Min Buri)
The Metropolitan Rapid Transit Project is a large construction project with high resource usage in both funding and other resources. The frequent occurring problem is the delays in the construction of the project which cause the project to be completed according to the contract. The objective of this research was to analyze various factors affecting the delay of the train construction project operation as well as finding a way to control the said factors in order to complete the construction as scheduled. The researcher has chosen to study the construction of the Metropolitan Rapid Transit Pink Line Pink Line (Khae Rai - Min Buri) using a questionnaire to explore the factors affecting the duration of the project construction of the contracting company using the Taro Yamane equation with the samples of 82 people. The statistical variables analyzed were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and rank the severity of each factor The analysis shows that the factors affecting the construction delay of the Pink Line Electric Train Project (Khae Rai - Min Buri), the top 5, in descending order as follows: 1. Shop Drawing approval is delayed 2. The delay from the owner in answering questions from the contractor 3. The issuance The order to change the details of the designs used in the construction and schedule details 4. The use of personnel is not suitable for the job and there are not enough personnel 5. The lack of construction labor In terms of the impact on the project Overall is at a medium level. And the frequency of the projects is at a low level Basic prevention guidelines Is to bring modern technology to help in construction in order to reduce work steps The recruitment of personnel should be suitable for the job type, with the personnel very important to succeed as planned.
อุดมวิทย์ ไชยสกุลเกียรติ
Organizational Development Process of House Construction Firm Using Business Model Canvas Approach
The business model of the house construction firm that is currently studying at present, the firm has no clear business model and also lack of gathering opinions and suggestions from internal staff in order to improve products and services to maximize customer value. Therefore, the objective is to study the organizational development process in relation to house construction business using business model canvas approach and to improve the business model for house construction firm to be reliable, modern, meet international standards including maintaining a profitable result by conducting group discussions of employees in company that operates house construction business in Chiang Mai and Lamphun by using the business model canvas, SWOT analysis, and Likert’s scale. The results of this study contribute to understanding the 9 business components that should be improved to suit the constraints of the organization such as adding a smart home system in the Value Propositions, adding a group of customers who want to improve buildings both for living and for business in the Customer Segments, improving coordination and facilitation in the Customer Relationship, adding contacts via social media in the Channels, increasing the use of building information technology for house construction in the Key Activities, increasing marketing staff and improving the potential of existing employees in the Key Resources, sending staffs to train with business partners to increase options in construction technology and materials for customers in the Key Partnerships which the results of the situation analysis and the business practices of the organization that will be adapted in the future of the house construction firm this time brings an opportunity for the cost structure of business operations to be reduced and revenue streams that are likely to increase when compared to the original business components at present. Finally, the benefits of this study are the organizational development process using business model canvas approach and the integration of ideas from the group discussion to find business components that appropriate for work including the opportunity to discover new forms of value that can be delivered to customers in the future.
วรนันท์ อิ่มโอษฐ์
Analysis of Building Information Modeling Execution Planning (BIMxP) for Small Residential Buildings
In the present, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is used in the large construction to increase efficiency of construction. Meanwhile Auto CAD is used mostly in small residential buildings construction effected many problems. For this reason investigator realizes the importance and analyses Building Information Modeling Execution Planning (BIMxP) for Small Residential Buildings. Appropriate corresponding operation Building Information Modeling Execution Planning (BIMxP) is very important. By sorting process in categories taking data from Building Information Modeling (BIM) to associate the process for the purpose of finding appropriate process planning model. Using data from the investigation to interview the constructional experts for recommendations can conclude that disadvantage of using Building Information Modeling (BIM) is taking high cost but there are more benefits such as fine drawings can decrease problems from changing drawings effected accurate and quickly work so that is a good result for constructor.
สิทธิพงษ์ ใจปัญญา
Performance Compare of Building Information Modeling with Fact Construction Projects : A Case Study of the Boost and Fitness Gym Project
Current bidding construction is highly competitive. Being Rushed by the bid price and the working duration. Fast and precision in the amount of quantity surveyor is required of all construction companies. This paper's main purpose. To evaluate the performance of Building Information Modeling (BIM) for apply or replace the quantity surveyor department. By a modeling process, building in 3D and the construction quantity caused in construction projects. The estimated cost of construction materials and the amounts shown in the accounts for Bill of Quantities (BOQ) used in the construction of competitive bidding. In analyzing the data set is divided into 3 parts, the first part quantity of Building Information Modeling (BIM). The second part quantity of the staff in the quantity surveying department. The third part quantity of the proceeds from collection of construction build. The findings will be presented the results of the Structural work. The results of the period to estimate the quantity and the number of personnel compared to estimate the quantity. Including present analysis results to interested companies to consider purchasing the software for building information technology model.
วิภาวี แป้นจุลสี
Causes of Delay in the Construction of Underground Conduit of Electrical Substations in Bangkok
Underground conduit projects were expanded by Metropolitan Electricity Authority in order to improve city views and reduce the wire tearing problem caused by tree branches and to ameliorate the ability to supply electricity in the future. Due to the delay in most underground conduit construction project, this study aimed to investigate causes that brought delays in the underground conduit construction. Data was collected by interviewing person in charges who were owner, main contractors, sub-contractors, and designers. People from three projects, which are Klong-Rungsit High Voltage Electricity Substation, Klong-Dan High Voltage Electricity Substation, and Nimitmai Electrical Substation, were interviewed. The findings demonstrated that the factors impacted the delay in underground conduit construction are environmental and physical 27%, method procedure and design 20%, man staff 18%, financial 14%, material equipment 12%, and mechanic 9%. Moreover, the building permits which were not approved by the person in charges in the areas is the main causes of delay.
นายทรงยศ หวันสมาน
Material Contingency Waste in Office Construction Projects
This study focuses on material contingency wastes in office construction projects due to the fact that they impact on construction costs. Data were collected from three construction sites. They have 2-3 storeys heights, and their values are 44-216 million baht. The study focuses on 6 materials which are rebar, concrete, cement, bricks, tiles, and ceiling sheets. Data collections were done by visiting construction sites and interviewing the related persons. One project manager, two site engineers, one store man, and one site foreman were interviewed in each site. Material contingency wastes were found in this study. They are 1.83% – 14.80%, 5.25% – 9.81%, 2.87% – 9.10%, 3.00% – 10.88%, 0.92% – 24.11%, and 4.68% – 13.95% for rebar, concrete, cement, bricks, tiles, and ceiling sheets, respectively. The major cause of contingency wastes found in this study is in design processes.
A study of scrap material amounts and precast productivity improvement in two floor single detached house precast manufacture by Five Minutes Rating Method
In current situations, problems in housing construction are found in three categories which are insufficient labor, shortage of skillful labors, and quality of work. These problems lead to the delay in housing construction. To reduce such problems, prefabrication housing system is selected for construction of housing projects. This study has three objectives which are to study construction productivity, to improve productivity, and to study the scrap materials from the precast processing. Data was collected from a production line of two-floor-single-detached-house in a precast factory. Five Minutes Rating method was used to investigate productivity rate. Four groups of labors performing concrete activity are samples of this study. Productivity of labors before the improvement of the four groups are 72%, 89%, 77%, and 88%, respectively. After the improvement, the productivity are 87%, 89%, 84%, and 91%, respectively. On the other hand, waste of materials were found related to 6 mm. and 8 mm. wire meshes used in the precast production. Scrap materials were found for 6 mm. and 8 mm. wire meshes for 18% and 23%, respectively. Moreover, insufficient of equipment also causes waiting time and delay in construction, as well.
สุภาณีย์ พิริยะสุรวงศ์
Cost Overruns Risk Analysis from Construction Material Price Changes of Two-Story House in Chiang Mai Province
When constructing a house, ones of the biggest problem is a price changes in overruns, which related on the uncontrol variables. The study shows variable that cannot control, which is a changes in cost of construction material price that will rise depends on the change of construction materials costs to prevent an increasing investment problem and an long period construction problem. This research objective aim to evaluate the cost overruns risk of construction material price changes in of two-story house in Chiang Mai province by collecting the bill of quantities in the construction and data of index price of material of five houses retrospect five years from Ministry of Commerce, then using Monte Carlo Stimulation on ModelRisk program to analyze. The results of this research are the evaluation of the cost overruns risk from two different example, two-story house in Chiang Mai province, when compared the bill of quantities and the variation of materials costs in each category show that the cost overruns period is 1.88% to 5.37%. The advantage of the research is to acknowledge the cost overruns risk of construction material price changes by using Monte Carlo Simulation for decision making and planning for house owners or contractors.
ปาณัสม์ ลิ้มพัสถาน
Guidelines for studying the Safety Cost Optimization of Building Construction Projects
Statistics of construction accidents and injuries in Thailand shows a high rate of occurrences in comparison to several countries. Many researchers have tried to assess the costs of accident prevention. Thai government also set up a policy to impose contractors to submit their safety plans together with costs for reducing the accidents but even then, lots of injuries still exist. This research aims to propose a conceptual model of safety cost optimization of building construction projects. Data will be collected by interviewing the contractors with regard to their safety investments and losses arising from accidents. Then, the proper safety investment ratio, Accident loss ratio and Accident occurrence index will be calculated. By obtaining these, the relationship between Safety Performance and contract sums, percentage of safety optimization investment vs. contract sums. A preliminary study revealed that the safety investment will be under the influence of safety supervisor, preventive measures, training and practices, safety campaigns, and accident occurrences on the jobsite. If the optimal cost of safety investment can be estimated beforehand, it will play a vital part in helping diminish the construction accidents in Thailand.
วุฒิกร แก้วเงินลาด
เสกสรรค์ ปลื้มสวาสดิ์
Method for Determine of Selection Decision of Migrant Construction Workers
The Thailand construction industry is facing a severe skilled labor shortage. Since, skilled laborers are finding secure jobs and better opportunities. Therefore, foreign laborers play a crucial role in the Thai construction industry, especially Bangkok. Sustainability, foreign laborers have seriously been supervised and understood to the problem. The objective of this study was to determine the differences in factors between Thai and foreign laborers in the construction industry in Bangkok. Both the high-rise buildings and the residential building works were examined based on the Thai employer’s perspective. This study was a survey by interviews. The group comprised 32 persons in 3 entrepreneur representatives, such as project engineer, site engineer, and foreman. Factors causing differentiate Thai and foreign laborers were analyzed using Relative Important Index (RII). The results revealed that most of the foreign workers were Cambodians and Burmese, respectively. The residential building works were more foreign laborers than the high-rise buildings. Furthermore, it was also found that the gender factor and the overtime pay factor provide a high score of RII regarding the high-rise buildings and the residential buildings works. As a result, the determine of selection decision of foreign laborers in the construction industry is interesting.
ฐิติวัฒน์ ตรีวงศ์
The development of control system and construction quality check list of the Building Construction under the Supervision of Lo
The development of control system and construction quality check list of the Building Construction under the Supervision of Local Administration Authorities In Amphoe Muang Uttaradit Province. The data was collected from 38 samples in 19 places by using a questionnaire from civil engineer, chief civil engineer, construction engineer, supervisor or inspector and other relevant people of local administration authorities in the provinces of Uttaradit. The data were preliminary collected from the small conference to study advantages and faults when comparing with the previous inspection system , getting the new form to be used in the new inspection system and would be taken for using at jobsite of the Building Construction. Statistical analysis consisted of mean, standard deviation. Following the study, it could be determined that the form of new inspection system was considered excellent. The roof work had the maximum average of 4.50 from 5.00 which was rated excellent, while the daily report had the minimum average of 4.14 from 5.00 that was considered good.
กฤษณพงค ฟองสินธุ์
A study on the status of applying business continuity plan for reducing risk factors for managing construction project in flood situation
The flood is the one of natural disaster that caused the direct and indirect impacts to the construction project management. There are difficult situations for managing under the budget and schedule. The construction industry in the future will need the guideline for preparing and creating a backup plan for effective project management to the continuity project management and minimal loss in the crisis situations. This research aims to study the status of applying business continuity management for managing the construction project and the risk factors of construction project management in a flood situation. The results of this research will be used as the useful basic information for developing the construction management plan for the flood situation in the future. The research methodology is the development of questionnaire to interview 250 samples that include the civil engineer in the executive and operational level. In conclusion, the level of awareness for preparing and creating backup plans is at the middle level, and lack of understanding. The most projects do not use the business continuity management principle in the project management. The different size company has the different ratings in the problems and obstacles. All risk factors are at the high risk levels that need the risk control procedures to be at an acceptable level.
ยุทธศักดิ์ อนันตเดชศักดิ์
A study of sustainable construction waste management
At present, there are many expansions of construction projects. Each step of the construction process creates a lot of waste that is difficult to eliminate. Nevertheless, waste from the construction process, can be imported into the 3R process to Reduction, Reuse and Recycle. Therefore, studies of waste management practices in construction sites are appropriate and sustainable Therefore, studies of appropriate and sustainable waste management practices in construction sites. Collection of waste that occurred in the construction of a 2-storey townhouse project (the area about 75 square meter/house), it was found the waste is divided into 2 parts. Waste arising from work, including concrete, stone, soil, sand, steel, tiles, and wood, accounting for 11.4% of the total waste generated. Another part, waste from packaging materials, such as metal cans, paint buckets, plastic bags, cement bags, paper cartons, and wood pallets, accounting for 88.6% of the total waste generated. Packaging materials can create value added by being able to sell to the company to buy packaging for re-processing. As a result, the revenue from the sale of packaging is approximately 1,341-1,839 baht per 2-storey townhouse with 1 house and there is no waste disposal cost. The wood pallets, that are made from work can be reused and processed into furniture. Scrap metal, that has been planned for proper use, it is to reduce the amount of waste from the source and the remainder can still be sold to generate income. For concrete, stone, soil, sand and tiles, it can be used as a filling material. Waste transportation cost of approximately 100 baht per 2-storey townhouse with 1 house. When compare with transporting all waste to be disposed off-site without classifying the waste generated, it costs about 2,750 baht per 2-storey townhouse with 1 house. Therefore, when combining the cost of carrying waste to disposed off-site like in the past and revenue from packaging sales, which can create added value of waste management in a systematic manner that is appropriate and sustainable. The total revenue, that is not necessary to lose and the money returned back is approximately 3,090 baht per 2-storey townhouse with 1 house.
วิมลมาศ บุญยั่งยืน
Factor Assessment of Three Dimensional Building Information Modelling Adoption in Construction Shop Drawing for Craftsman
The research on the evaluation of the factors in making the three-dimensional building information model to be used in the practice form for the craftsmen. Aims to study the evaluation of the three-dimensional building information model to be used in the practice form for skilled craftsmen. Conducted research by Surveying the factors of using 3D building information model to use in working practice in order to know the working demand of the craftsmen Sample in research Craftsmen with over 15 years of construction experience, research tools The questionnaire on the need for the building information model to be used in the operation model, the questionnaire on the satisfaction of the use of building information model for the operation model, Questionnaire for factors in using the building information model to be used in the operation model. And using the delphi method to analyze the results of the research shows that the craftsmen have the agreed needs to use the building information model to do the work because they clearly know the details of the work model. And can reduce more errors that will occur in the operation.
พันธกานต์ ปัญโญกิจ
A Study of Financial Management Obstacles in Construction Projects
This research aimed to study the causes of financial management obstacles in construction projects. Risk management tools were applied to find and classify the types of issues; including risk factors affecting financial management in construction projects of the owners’ agencies, construction contracting agencies, and construction consulting agencies. The methodology started by collecting the data of obstacles and risk factors affecting financial management based on the review of related literatures. Then, the factors affecting financial management in construction projects were analyzed to provide a guideline to interview experts with experience in construction management in several public and private agencies. After that, value at risk (VaR) was calculated, along with the designed table of the effects of risks and a chance of probability for the effects on financial management, based on the primary data of the interview. Further analysis was conducted by creating a fault tree diagram to find the causes and relationship of those causes leading to the situation of risks more comprehensively and clearly. The findings from the research is delayed approvals, lack of knowledgeable personnel in auditing work, project personnel unable to recognize financial information such as budgets, costs or profits due to the company's policy, disorders in internal communication within the organization and the construction project is unable to know the current expenses and to follow up the project budget. The knowledge obtained from the data analysis may be applied as a guideline on management and solution to reduce financial management obstacles in construction projects in the future.
วิไลเลขา วิวัฒน์วานิชกุล
วุฒิพงศ์ เมืองน้อย
Inventory Management in Small Construction Business
This study is conducted by presenting guidelines for inventory management which is a part of the construction material management process for small construction businesses that requires more efficient approach to manage many types of inventory in large quantities by using tool that helps in managing inventory which is called the theory of ABC Classification System. The system classifies inventories according to the value of circulating material of the year into 3 groups which are A, B and C respectively. First, group A is the most significant material and has the highest scale of circulating rate. Second, group B is moderately important and has medium scale of circulating rate. Third, group C is the least important group which also has the lowest scale of circulating rate. The data is collected from purchasing and warehouse departments, which collect data from January to December both in 2018 and 2019. After that, the data will be calculated to find the value of each inventory item. Then, it will be divided into three groups. Base on the result of the classification system in a small construction business for 162 requisition items. It has shown that group A has 20 items, group B has 26 items, and group C has 116 items respective. The results of this study can be used to formulate policies for managing each group of inventory effectively, and can be used to reduce unnecessary inventory costs.
ชนกานต์ ภิญโญภูมิมินทร์
Study on Impacts of the Double-track Railway : The Eastern Line Project (Hua Mak – Chachoengsao – Si Racha Section) in Ladkrabang District
The Double-track Railway : The Eastern Line Project (Hua Mak – Chachoengsao – Si Racha Section) is part of the Eastern Economic Corridor ( EEC ) which is a mega project. The objective of this research is to study impacts of this project as a case study for similar future projects. Studied population is residents living in the area of 1 kilometer in radius along the project line which governs Ladkrabang district. Four hundred sample size was computed using Taro Yamane’s method, with purposive sampling, and 5% error allowed. The tool of this study is questionnaires analyzed by SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences). From the study found that impact level from attitude of residents along the project is “More” (From 5 levels Very Low, Low, Moderate, More and Most) and the impact of pollution is the highest expected impact. So, project responsibility should have the measurement and solution to reduce pollution from the project.
เศรษฐสิทธิ์ ตลอดไธสงดาภา
แหลมทอง เหล่าคงถาวร
Factors of construction control problems within vocational institutions
Internal construction projects of vocational institutions have job control problems which causes obstacles during the process of the construction project within the vocational institute causing delays in construction lawsuits between the government and contractors. This research compiles problems in construction supervision within vocational institutions by using questionnaires as a tool to questions from teachers, personnel who involved in construction supervision of vocational institutions in the government sector by collecting researches and classifying the problems of construction supervision within vocational institutions into 5 basic factors which are 1) the problem factors in the characteristics of the controller. 2) the problem of the construction preparation. 3) the problem of the process during the construction control. 4) the problem of the report of the construction results and 5) the problem of the operation procedure. After completion from the study it has grouped the factors of the construction control problems and analyzed the group of the factors that influence the construction control.
วุฒิชัย ชาติพัฒนานันท์
Factors Influencing Adoption of Building Information Modeling in Government Sector : A Case Study of Construction Department, Ministry of Defense
In the construction industry, building information modeling or BIM has been implement to facilitate works. However, there are still no case studies in BIM implement for the government sector. The objectives of this research were to study factors influencing adoption of building information modeling and to study problems, obstacles and directions for accepting towards BIM of construction department, ministry of defense by using the data from the questionnaire for statistical analysis. The study found that performance expectancy and perceived ease of use affected the acceptance and use of BIM. Self-efficacy and anxiety of BIM’s user affected to perceived ease of use and general factors which were gender and the characteristic of responsible work had the relationship with self-efficacy and anxiety of BIM’s user. Therefore, the researcher conducted the direction to lead by providing knowledge and understanding to related people in the organization, preparing plans, and conducting various experiments before applying to the whole system as well as implementing properly.
สุวิชญา สุริยมงคล
Analyzing Construction Contract Documents for BIM Projects
In recent years, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has become a vital part of the delivery process of modern construction projects. Various aspects concerning BIM implementation (e.g., work processes, BIM models, and BIM Uses) have been widely investigated in numerous research works. Yet, the limited number of research has focused on the construction contracts for BIM projects. Since BIM projects are different from conventional construction projects in many aspects, the components and management of BIM contracts are also unique. In this paper, we investigate the structure of BIM contracts that is appropriate for the BIM projects in Thailand by focusing on the documents and contents of the BIM contracts. We first compile and analyze the BIM standards, guides, manuals, and documents that are widely used in the construction industry worldwide. The problems encountered while managing the current BIM contracts are identified. These findings can then be used to develop the structure of BIM contracts and outline the contents of the documents, which are appropriate for the BIM project ecosystem in Thailand.
นพจิรา ฤกษ์ขจรนามกุล
Development of Building Information Modeling for fire evacuation analysis
This research proposes a fire evacuation time analysis integrated with Building Information Modeling (BIM) for developing a guideline to improve fire protection system for each building conformed to ministerial regulation and fire evacuation design standards (DPT Standards 8301). The case study buildings are five three-stories laboratory buildings which locate in Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University. This study began with survey of building area for collecting data such as size, distance, material, and others, creating building information modeling, and inspecting based on regulations and standards. Then, analysis of fire evacuation time was done using hydraulic analogy which requires the important factors for example number of users, area size, and door width. The study results indicated file evacuation time of each building and also guideline for fire protection in 3D model format which is easy to understand.
ณชาภทร แสงจันทร์
ดารารัตน์ พันชะนะ
ผศ.ดร.เพชร์รัตน์ ลิ้มสุปรียารัตน์
Construction supervision problems in road work of local administrative organizations
The objective of this study is to study the problems that occurred in the process of construction supervision in road work under construction management of Ban Bueng Municipality, Chonburi province. The results of this study can be applied to improve the work efficiency and reduce errors. The instruments used in this study is questionnaires collecting from current contractors or former contractors of Ban Bueng Municipality 51 persons. The questionnaire is divided into 2 parts. Part I is the general information of respondents and part II is the inquiring about the frequency and severity of the factors causing the problem in the process of construction supervision in road work. The sets of tool used in the analysis of descriptive statistics are percentage, mean, standard deviation and severity index. From the analysis, it is found that the top 3 problems in the process of construction supervision in road work are (i) insufficient worker for workload, (ii) problems arising from the employment of influential contractors and (iii) defects of construction plan, respectively.
วรรณวรางค์ รัตนานิคม
The study of problems of building construction management in design and cost estimation processes
The objective of this study is to study the problems of building construction management in design and cost estimation processes under construction management of Ban Bueng Municipality, Chonburi province. The results of this study can be applied to improve the work efficiency and reduce errors. The instrument used in this study is questionnaire collecting from current contractors or former contractors of Ban Bueng Municipality 51 persons. The questionnaire is divided into 2 parts. Part I is the general information of respondents and part II is the inquiring about the frequency and severity of the factors causing the problems in the process of design and cost estimation in building work. The sets of tool used in the analysis of descriptive statistics are percentage, mean, standard deviation and severity index. From the analysis, it is found that the top 3 problems in the process of design and cost estimation in building work are (i) details of the design and the assembly list are not clear, (ii) insufficient worker for workload and (iii), the provincial commercial price is not current, respectively.
Factors affecting road construction management of local government organizations
This research studies factors affecting road construction management of local administrative organizations. The research focuses on comments from governing personnel of 10 municipalities in Chonburi province. The study investigates problems in 3 parts, including time, cost, and quality. Questionnaires are utilized as a research tool. The obtained raw data are analyzed with statistics, i.e. percentages and mean values. After that, they are prioritized with Severity Index (S.I.) to select important problematic factors.
Alternatives Evaluation and Risk Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management Project
This research paper aims to study the factors affecting the investment decision in the construction and operations management of municipal solid waste with incineration technology for electricity production, total amount of municipal waste was not less than 500 tons per day and to identify risks that may occur when various factors changed by analyzing the financial feasibility of projects using discounted cash flow method and considering net present value, internal rate of return and discounted payback period. This study analyzed various changed risk factors which may affect the decision to invest in construction with the risk analysis by using Monte Carlo simulation, sensitivity analysis method and assessment of changed situation of construction management and project operations. The results of this study showed analyzed risks in order to be concluded in a guideline for investment decision in construction and solid waste management under uncertainty.
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF ASCOTT EMBASSY SATHON PROJECT, BANGKOK
This study evaluated factors that generate construction wastes and assessed the environmental impact at the Asscot Embassy Sathorn Project, a high-rise building, Bangkok, Thailand. Data on types of construction wastes, their volumes and environmental impacts were obtained from questionnaire results of construction personnel and people residing within the construction area and data collected based on site surveys. The most important factor contributing to generation of the construction wastes was found to be those according to the nature of each type of work. Concrete was the most generated construction wastes. An empirical equation to estimate construction wastes generation was developed as ; in which Wtotal , the total construction waste generation, was found to be 1.21kg/(m2-month) or 4.50 tons/month. Dust distributed in the atmosphere was found to be the most environmental impact from this high-rise building construction. Methods to reduce these construction wastes should include: improving the engineer’s and technicians’ skills and appropriate uses of construction materials in high – rise building construction. Dust and sound -proofing panels should be installed around the project area and there should be effective storage area for construction wastes to help reduce environmental impacts.
เทพฤทธิ์ มนต์แก้ว
จงรักษ์ ผลประเสริฐ
The study of accident cause and Guidelines for prevention of construction : A case study of MRT Orange Line project (Taling Chan - Min Buri)
The accident statistics in the construction Metro. Volume increases. This article studies the causes of accidents and ways to prevent accident in construction. Case Study: MRT Orange Line Project. (Taling Chan - Min Buri). To determine the cause of the accident. The attitudes of workers towards safety in the construction and planning safety policy in construction. By creating a questionnaire to collect data. Then analyzed with instant Analysis program. Divide Population sample into 2 groups: group 1 worker in the agency's construction of the project. The construction engineers and those involved in the management of construction projects. The survey questionnaire of 75 people was asked to comment on the safety and safety policy in Group 2 construction workers in the agency's construction projects. 186 of Male - female the construction workerconstruction workers by asking for feedback. Background person Operational environment And unsafe acts To comply with the objectives of the study. The results showed that. The cause and nature of the accident personnel factors were ranked No. 1 factor, tools and materials. Ranked 2, and environmental factors. Ranked 3. 3 factors which are guidelines for prevention. By organizing safety training in construction. With the experts to staff in the project. To raise awareness with a focus on safety in construction.
The Study of Factors Affecting Housing Estate Purchase and Selection of the Staffs and Employees of Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University in Chanthaburi
The objective of the study of factors affecting housing estate purchase and selection of the staffs and employees of Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University is to analysis personal factors, marketing mix factors and feng shui factors that are expected to have effect on the selecting purchase of housing estates by using 300 sets of questionnaires to collect data from the targeted group and analyze data using the statistical software to find the statistics such as percentage, average, standard deviation and t-test. The results of the study showed that the marketing mix factors involving products, distribution channels, marketing promotion and price are very important (~4.00). The feng shui factors in term of beliefs and in term of direction and location are moderate important (~3.00). From the statistical analysis at 0.05 significant level, it is found that the difference in income results in the different level of importance for the marketing mix factors involving, 1) reducing land and house prices, and down payments, 2) promotion: free items and 3) appropriate living space for needs. As for gender, age, status, income, and education level, there are no different level of importance for the other marketing mix factors and the feng shui factors methods.
Causal Factors that Affect the Behavior in the Purchase of Construction Materials from Price Base to Value Base
This article studied interior wall specification, process and main procedure of installation for comparation about factors that affect time, cost, quality and safety of the project in 7 main factors and 20 sub factors. The objective of this article was to identify the factors that affect to purchasing decision of interior wall products including conventional, ALC large panel, concrete large panel, cast in place and stay in place. Research was undertaken by survey through questionnaire and data was analyzed by statistics analysis. The results found that product that have a lowest severity index was cast in place equal to 0.32. For each factor of the main 7 factors, the research identified suitable interior wall. From the yield point of contractor company and owner company.
Contractor Selection Process for Wellhead Platform Construction
This research aims to study and develop a guideline for the contractor’s evaluation and selection process for oil and gas wellhead platform construction. The six companies operating in the production and construction of the oil gas drilling platform consisting of one manufacturing company and five construction contractors are selected to study in-depth details with interviews from relevant officials which are experts, project managers, construction managers, procurement managers and engineers that are involved in the contractor selection process. Most interviews will gather data from their experience to apply to existing guidelines in the construction management processes. The study found that the contractor selection process consists of five steps, which are pre-qualification, proposal preparation, bid submission, bid evaluation, and award of the project. The main factors that affect the consideration of bidders consist of technical capability, project planning, production capability, general capability, and financial capability. This study also proposes the weighting criteria obtained from interviews for the evaluation and selection of contractors for a wellhead platform and other related construction projects in the future.
วรรธณพล ชมภูเขียว
A study of process to use 3D model (BIM) for design and take off quantities material of complementary wall.
This research is a study of guidelines for using the Information Model (BIM) in designing and removing material quantities. Building frame walls for high-rise buildings in 3 categories which are 1. precast concrete wall 2. Glass curtain wall and 3. Aluminum composite The process of studying the level of needs of the relevant parties for the construction of the wall consists of the contractor department. The product owner department and the installer And make an information model The model of the researcher will use the Revit 2019 program, in which each wall consists of each type of building. The researcher has written. There are 2 levels that can be used to actually work. Then report the results / problems found in the construction of the information model for each type of frame wall.
สิทธิเดช ชุณหะมณีวัฒน์
Journey of Offshore Wellhead Platform Reuse Project
Several Wellhead Platforms (WHPs) operated by Chevron Thailand Exploration and Production., Ltd. (CTEP) in the Gulf of Thailand are approaching the end of well depletion life. With effective asset integrity management program, most of WHPs are still in good condition. Therefore, an initiative of reused existing WHP topsides, jacket and partial pile sections instead of new procurement and fabrication the whole WHP becomes attractive opportunity as it can enable marginal economic projects, support energy conservation and minimize waster from decommissioning. The 1st pilot project on Topsides reuse was successfully performed in 2017 by relocating pre‐cut Topsides from its jacket and placing on top of new jacket executed by a heavy lifting barge. In 2018, the 2nd campaign for 3 Topsides reuses was executed successfully. After topside reuse project has been executed successfully. The total reuse concept was continued to explore the opportunity and expand the scope of Reuse project. With this initiative challenge, it would be the first ever conventional fixed WHP to be totally reused and relocated to continue its production at the new site which may create more alternatives and opportunities on reuse of existing assets in oil & gas industry. To overcome unforeseen challenges, a conceptual study following with FEED was performed starting in Q2’17 to test on operational constraints, engineering concept, constructability and high-level commercial evaluation. A fatigue analysis is another key study apart from other constructability analyses. Referring to FEED results in Q1’18 with project assurance process from internal Subject Matter Experts and external 3rd party engineering consultant, it can be concluded that total WHP reuse innovation is “technically feasible” and “commercially attractive” without any major project risk.
Evaluation of biogas production potential from combination of food waste with Pre-treatment of Napier grass by NaOH
This research aimed to find the amount of biogas produced by the co-fermentation of Napier grass and food waste and to compare the amount of biogas before and after pretreatment with 4% w/v sodium hydroxide solution for 0.5 and 1 hour, respectively. The 1.5-liter anaerobic reactor was used. The ferment materials were filled in the reactor for a single time. The experiment period was 45 days. The ferment materials were Napier grass mixed with food waste at the ratio of 25:75. The results showed that Napier grass without pretreatment contained cellulose content equal to 36.21%, hemicellulose content equals 6.64% and lignin content equal to 15.66%. When the grass were treated with sodium hydroxide solution at the concentration of 4% for 0.5 and 1 hour, it found out that the amount of cellulose content increased to 3.94% and 4.38%, respectively. The amount of Hemicellulose content decreased to 3.94 and 4.37% and lignin was 6.28 and 8.05%, respectively. Therefore, pretreated Napier grass with 4% w/v sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour was selected for co-fermentation process with food waste for biogas production. This is because it demonstrated the most effective lignin and hemicellulose bond dissociation. The amount of biogas was measured at the end of the experiment and It found out that the amount of biogas in the reactor with 4% w/v sodium hydroxide pretreatment for 1 hour is higher than the amount of biogas of the reactor without pretreatment with the increased efficiency of 37.37%, indicating that the alkaline pretreatment technology is used to eliminate lignocellulose in Napier grass to enhance the potential for biogas production.
คฑาพล ปิ่นพัฒนพงศ์
ฐนียา รังษีสุริยะชัย
Co – composting Production from Elephant Fodder with Elephant Dung and Fermented Slurry using Anaerobic Digestion.
This research performed to investigate the compost production from elephant fodder with elephant dung and fermented slurry using anaerobic digestion. Lab scale experiment was conducted with a one-stage anaerobic digestion by controlling the temperature at 55 ºC. Raw materials were mixed at the ratio of Napier grass: pineapple stalk: elephant dung: fermented slurry from biogas digester equal to 2.5: 2.5: 3.5: 1.5 by volume. The objective of this research aims to evaluate the anaerobic compost characteristics from these materials. After the end of experiment (45 days), the results showed that the physical properties of compost were a brown semi-liquid solid and rancid odor. Control parameters as pH, moisture content, and temperature were in the range of 5 – 6, 70 – 80 %, and 50 – 55 ºC, respectively. For the important nutrients as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at the end of experiment were 0.42 %, 0.57 %, 0.035 % respectively. They meet the requirement of Department of Agriculture standard except for potassium which is lower than the standard. This product can be used as soil amendment for soil rehabilitation.
เก่งกาจ จันทร์กวีกูล
The Evaluation Performance Base of the Vinyl Noise Barrier Prototype
In the present, the growth rate of urban society in Bangkok is increasing. Some space had developed to be a residence, condominium and office building. Especially, there are so many of residence around an expressway area. Which had been affected the sound pollution from the traffic on expressway. It was important to specify preventive measurement policy in order to reduce the noise pollution from the traffic by using “noise barrier”. However, the noise barrier that was installed on expressway previously was deteriorated by lifetime. Therefore, It is always needed an efficiency evaluation, improve and develop the noise barrier for an over standard. In this research, it is about the efficiency evaluation of the noise barrier reflection panel type that it was designed and developed by using materials from vinyl and natural rubber. It was improved the quality to be stronger, resistance to the environment, suitable for a new installation and replacement and easy to maintenance, so that the noise pollution can be reduced by the noise barrier from the traffic on expressway efficiently. An efficiency evaluation results show that, the noise barrier reflection panel type which made from vinyl and natural rubber materials can be reduced the noise pollution more than the noise barrier reflection panel type which made from fibre cement (Onduline) and fibre materials that installed previously.
ธราดล หงส์อติกุล
Energy and Environmental Assessment for Intersection Design Control in University Campus
Nowadays, traffic congestion contributes to energy depletion and air pollution problems. Specifically, in university communities where the share of private vehicle is high, the problem of traffic congestion generally occurs at intersections. Proper intersection design control can reduce traffic congestion, travel delays, and energy consumption and emission. The purpose of this study is to compare the energy and environmental efficiency of various intersection design control strategies within the university campus. This study applied the microscopic traffic simulation model and air emission model to analyze the energy consumption and emission associated with 4 intersection design control options including (1) unsignalized intersection; (2) signalized intersection with 2 signal phases; (3) signalized intersection with 4 signal phases; and (4) roundabout. The results showed that under the same traffic conditions intersection design control would affect energy consumption and emission differently. Therefore, selecting a proper intersection design control will result in sustainable benefits for both road users and university communities.
Design and Control of Wastewater Treatment System for Water Reuse by Semi-Automatic Operation
This research studies and develops the wastewater treatment system in order to reuse the community discharge water in Khlong Bang Khen Mai for water usage activities in King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok. The results showed that the use of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) followed with sand and membrane filtration systems was effective in treating the water to meet the U.S. EPA standards for urban reuse. Treatment efficiencies for COD, BOD, and TOC removals were 66.2%, 51.9% and 31%. Nutrient removals included total nitrogen and phosphorus were 79.7% and 94.7%. Removal efficiency of total coliform was 99%. Use of semi-automatic operating system could improve the water production capacity about two times higher than manual operating system, while fluctuation of water quality in the in Khlong Bang Khen Mai do not affect the quality of the produced water and still be used for indirect contact water activity.
ณัฐภัทร เที้ยธิทรัพย์
เจนจิต เอี่ยมจตุรภัทร
Use of Waste Tire Chips as Medium in Drainage Layer of Landfill Liner Systems
Waste tires chips have high potential for many uses. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using waste tire chips as medium in drainage layer of landfill liner systems. Three different shapes of tire chips, which were wide strip, narrow strip and chunk tire chips, were used in this study. Hydraulic conductivity tests were performed for the samples subjected to different confining stresses. It was found that, at no confining stress, the hydraulic conductivity of all 3 shapes of tire chip samples were higher than the recommended value for using as medium in the drainage layer. When subjected to confining stress, tire chips would be deformed and compressed resulting in the reduction of its void ratio as well as its hydraulic conductivity. The hydraulic conductivity test results of the tire chips subjected to 80 kPa confining stress were 7.74×10-5 m/s, 3.45×10-4 m/s and 9.95×10-4 m/s for the wide strip, narrow strip and crumb tire chip samples, respectively. The least variation of hydraulic conductivity, when subjected to confining stress, was obtained for the chunk tire chip samples, therefore, it is the most preferred for using as medium in drainage layer of liner systems.
ทวีศักดิ์ วังไพศาล
Comparative study of phosphorus in anaerobic fermentation process with carbon dioxide addition
This research focused on the comparative study of phosphorus in anaerobic fermentation process with carbon dioxide addition. The objective of this study aims to compare the amount of phosphorus from carbon dioxide addition in anaerobic fermentation process from elephant dung, fermented slurry and elephant food wastes. In the experiment, the elephant food wastes are pineapple rhizomes and Napier grass. The mixture of materials consists of Napier grass : pineapple rhizomes : Elephant dung : slurry from biogas fermentation equal to 2.5 : 2.5 : 3.5 : 1.5 by volume. Lab-scale experiment was set as two conditions: 1) control reactor without carbon dioxide addition and 2) batch reactor with adding 2 L/min of carbon dioxide for 20 min, to operate anaerobic fermentation for 45 days in closed vessels. The results of this study showed that the physical characteristics of both composting reactors at the end of the 45-day period was brown liquid fertilizer and has a sour smell. The pH values of control reactor and batch reactor with carbon dioxide addition ​were 6.16 and 5.19, respectively. The moisture content of both sets is in the range of 75-85 percent. In terms of total phosphorus values It was found that in the control, the amount of phosphorus is higher than when adding carbon dioxide. With the percentage of 0.58 and 0.37 respectively. Adding carbon dioxide to the system causes some microbes that disfavor carbon dioxide, decompose organic matter by using phosphorus as a nutrient. Therefore, it causes more phosphorus to be used and then made the phosphorus in manure decreased.
ศศิประภา เกตุพิมล
The Satisfaction of Agriculturists Concerning Water Usages in Irrigation Area A Case study of Tha Bot Operation and Maintenance Project, Chainat Province
The study of the satisfactions of Agriculturists concerning water usages for irrigation in Tha Bot irrigation Project consisted of 3 issues namely. 1) Water management 2) Water supply and maintenance of irrigation systems 3) The services of the officers. The data were collected from 400 agriculturists using questionnaires. The study area was divided into 1) Upstream 2) Midstream 3) Downstream sections. SPSS for Windows was utilized for data analysis. Agriculturists in the upstream and midstream sections showed high level of satisfaction regarding all issues during the dry seasons. Downstream section agriculturists, however, showed moderate level of satisfaction on the second issue due to the shortage of irrigation water for downstream section. In rainy seasons, all agriculturists in the study area expressed high level of satisfaction on the 3 issues.
Water resources study for Strategic flood risk management in Chao Phraya river basin
The research is to develop the mathematical model to study the flood at the basin of Chao Phraya River. At the C.2 station from Jiraprawat camp, Muang District, Nakhon Sawan Province to the mouth of river in Phra Samut Chedi District, Samut Prakan Province The purposes of this research are to study the water resources for Strategic flood risk management in Chao Phraya river basin by using the iRIC (Nays2DFlood) model and database with Digital Elevation Model from NASA Earth Science data to develop the flood model at Chao Phraya River with 30*30 specification in UTM system referring to WGS1984 UTM Zone 47N and using the data rate of water flow from the big flood between 31 August, 2011 to 30 October, 2011 to put in the model for study the water flow characteristics in the watershed and evaluate as well as predicting areas that will be affected by floods under the amount of water in the Chao Phraya River at the C.2 station use Nays2DFlood model to produce the flood map and flood risk map. The map is include flood depth and the flood area. It is for the prevention and the relief from flood in the future.
Determination of Stream Inflow in Kwan Phayao Using IFAS on Tank Model with Geometric Information System
Kwan Phayao is considered as important water resources in Phayao province with watershed area of 1,227 square kilometers but it just has 30 million cubic meters of storage. There are thirteen rivers flowing in and one river flowing off Kwan Phayao. This research is objective to determine the stream inflow from different sub-basins in Kwan Phayao by using IFAS program on two layers tank model with geometric information system. Therefore, the rainfalls provided by eight rain gauges stations and physical area data will be used as an input. Furthermore, the Kwan Phayao river basins are distinguished into six sub-river basins which three river basins are gauge watersheds. As a result, the water inflow can be used to examine the accuracy of the runoff measured by the model of IFAS. To clarify this, the specific parameters such as SKF, SNF and AUD will be adjusted depending on the geographical characteristics. The mentioned parameters will be firstly applied to the river basins with their rain gauges stations , then , will be applied to those sub-river basins without streamflow gauges stations. The types of parameters used will be adjusted owing to the similarity of geographical characteristics, usages of lands and the dam structures of each sub-river basins. Afterward, hourly and daily stream inflow will be calculated. Finally, the calculated stream inflow will be utilized as an important information in outflow decision-making from Kwan Phayao.
เปรม เชิดโชติกานต์
Scour Protection Around Bridge Pier Using Based Ramp
The purposes of this study will innovate the scour protection system around bridge piers reducing the depth and size of scour by using based ramp protection. Bridge piers are substructure which strongly used to support bridges. It appears that one of the main causes of bridge pier failure is scour. Scour is a hydrodynamic process that remove the sediment around bridge piers caused by flow separation as well as vortexes developing also known as scour hole. For the reason, bridge piers able to fail in case there is not enough protection and attentive consideration. The experiments were carried out in the large-sized open-channel flume at KMUTT. The scour mechanism and the time-varied development of scour depth were studied. The based ramps for scour protection were designed and differentiated into four different size and shape in order to find the most effective protection and reduction for scour. Maximum depth and 12-measuring points around the curb of the scour hole were measured and collected. In the first 60 minutes, the measuring point reading was recorded every 10 minutes, and then every 30 minutes until reaching 120 minutes. The test results show the maximum scouring depth is increasing in the function of time. An unprotection pier without based ramp was conducted to be the reference. The cases with based ramp protection then carried out to compare and analyze the protection efficiency.
A study of the energy reduction of flow through concrete and natural rubber tetrapods
Natural rubber is widely used as a multipurpose material in engineering for several years. Currently, natural rubber in Thailand has been facing with falling price and oversupply problems which extremely damage to a natural rubber industry. Although, Thailand is the world’s top producer and exporter of the natural rubber, but it still faces with these problems in many years. Therefore, the propose of this research is to utilize natural rubber for erosion control due to its special properties and also help a natural rubber industry by increasing the value of product. The process of this research is to study and analyze the flow behavior over concrete and natural rubber tetrapods in laboratory. Two-dimensional physical model is carried out in open-channel flume (12 m. long, 0.6 m. wide and 0.8 m. high) at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi. The results are analyzed to compare the ability of energy dissipation between natural rubber and concrete tetrapod. In the conclusion, natural rubber can be applied for erosion control, which has an efficiency of energy dissipation. The maximum ability to dissipate energy by using natural rubber tetrapods is lower than concrete approximately 5%. In addition, based on natural rubber properties, rubber is able to use with sea water condition. Therefore, natural rubber is alternative to use as a substitute material in erosion control field.
Using Nighttime Light Satellite Image Predicts the Tap Water Usage of Thailand
This article presents the utilization of the Night Time Light photos in Thailand from DMSP satellites. By using nighttime lights to predict the tap water usage of Thailand. By means of finding relationships between the population, the number of tap water users, the public income In each province of Thailand comparing with the intensity of the light obtained from satellite images. By using ArcMap 10.2 converts the light from satellite to be the numbers 0 – 63. When the results are analyzed by plotting the relationship between lighting and number of population, GPP value and number of tap water users in each district, sub-district. It was found that the relationship between light and the number of population, GPP and the number of tap water users, as already mentioned, tend to be in the same direction. Therefore, it can be concluded that the light from satellites can be used as an indicator and can be utilized to efficiently predict future tap water usage.
Future Drought Projection Under Climate Change Using SPI
Regarding Climate Change affects all regions around the world. This paper statistical downscaling was applied in drought occurrence frequency area projection. We examine 35-year past rainfall during 1971-2005 from HadGEM2-ES model under the climate change scenario CMIP5 RCP 4.5, in order to derive systematic bias. To obtain higher accuracy future rainfall (2020-2040), the systematic bias was used in correction process. We project the drought events for northeastern Thailand by using common drought index, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)). Future total rainfall amount trends to equal the past, but the results show different rainfall pattern between the past and future. In the past, rainfall has a weak to moderate intensity and frequency rainy day, whereas in future rainfall has a moderate to heavy intensity and infrequency rainy day. In addition, overall SPI has a ranging between -2.0 to 2.0, moreover, SPI indicated extreme rainfall in 35 months and drought events in 35 months from year 2020 to 2040.
Water Resources Study for Strategic Flood Risk Management in Ping and Nan River Basin
In 2011, Thailand encountered with the worst flood also Ping basin and Nan river. Its’s made many countries in Northern also get a flood too. The economy and socialize was broadly affected, even in government or public. This research were studied about the risk to manage water in each provinces. The purposes of this study were to exam the habit of water in each basin’s water management and to evaluate result and predict the area to be a flood in the future, which ArcGIS tools to prepare the data was Digital Elevation Model from EarthData – NASA which details was 30*30 meters and used iRIC (Nays2DFlood) tools to simulated flow of the water in the river. A Ping basin was selected from the end of Bhumibol dam in Tak province and Nan river was selected from the end of Sirikit dam in Utatradit province to Pak Nam Pho in Nakhon Sawan province. The resulted let to do the flood mapping and the risk of flooding in each province. The map will show about scope that will be a flood or have a risk to be and show a depth of water for prepare to manage water in the future.
MWA residential water demand estimation by the sub-area analysis
The estimation of residential water demand is the essential part for water supply management and planning. Currently, the Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) applies the average water demand of 250 l/cap/day for the planning and design. This value is inaccurate from the actual water use behavior of the population, which is a result of various factors such as income status, living conditions, housing characteristics and land use. etc. Thus, this study assesses MWA water demand of residential water users (M1) by analyzing the water consumption data based on the 7-year recoded water user database (2012 - 2018). The estimation has been classified by area / district, with the concerns of the numbers of registered population, property (vertical / horizontal) and the latent populations in the form of service business labor in 62 areas (50 in BMA, 6 in Samut Prakan, and 6 in Nonthaburi). The residential users is divided into 6 groups, which are Gr.1: the old town area, Gr.2: business areas and vertical accommodations, Gr.3: small horizontal residential areas, Gr. 4: medium-sized residential areas, Gr.5: large-sized low-rise residential areas, and Gr.6: industrial areas. The results show that the average water consumption rate of the residential groups of MWA is 125 - 263 l/cap/day; in which the lowest and highest water demands are found in Gr.1 and Gr.5, respectively. In addition, Gr.3-a small horizontal residential area which covers Khlong Sam Wa, Bang Yai and Bang Bua Thong districts has the greatest growth rate of the water user. This may affect the excess of future water demand that MWA had previously predicted. The results of the analysis of sub-spatial water usage behavior which are in line with the urban development model will support the water management planning for consumption to be more accurate.
สิตางศุ์ พิลัยหล้า
Blow off Modeling in District Metering Area THUNGMAHAMEK Brunch Office
Metropolitan Waterworks Authority has a regulation to flush a district metering area at least once a year for solving turbidity and substandard chlorine concentration problems. However, there has been no study of the extent of the clean area and appropriate duration for flushing. Therefore, the modelling of flushing through a fire hydrant will enable us to understand the hydraulic nature of such process. This research modelled a flushing process in a district metering area 05-05-05 in Thungmahamek branch office by using EPANET model. We measured pressure at three fire hydrants for 5 days and opened a fire hydrant to simulate a flushing process. The model results showed low pressure affected area from flushing and indicated that flushing duration did not affect chlorine concentration in a long run but rather temporarily induced a new water into the area. The essential factor in effective flushing is fluid velocity that must be higher than 0.91 meter/second according to AWWA standard ANSI/AWWA C651-14 [1] The modelling results showed velocities distribution in the pipe network which can help in assessment of flushing effectiveness. The model can be used for an efficient and appropriate flushing plan.
สกุณี พัฒนโภครัตนา
สุรชัย ลิปิวัฒนาการ
อดิชัย พรพรหมินทร์
Monitor and Analyzing Salinity intrusion using Salinity Intrusion Forecast System in the Chao Phraya River During Tropical Pabuk 2019
In 2019s, Thailand has encountered Tropical Storm Pabuk. Tropical Storm Pabuk is the latest severe storm in the past two decades since Typhoon Linda in 1997. On the afternoon of 4 January 2019, the storm overcame the Pak Phanang district of Nakhon Si Thammarat, which affected the southern region of Thailand. It brought heavy rains and storm surges causing widespread along gulf of Thailand. Chao Phraya River Mouth is another place that has been influenced by the wind waves from the tropical storm Pabuk resulting in rising sea levels. In the Chao Phraya River, seawater salinity intrusion hits near the Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) pumping station, which provides fresh water for water supply. Hydro-Informatics Institute (HII) monitored salinity intrusion situation by 7-day salinity intrusion forecasting system in Chao Phraya River and Storm Surge Forecasting and Early Warning System in the Gulf of Thailand. The accuracy of salinity forecasting 1 day, 2 days and 3 days are 68% 55% 50%, which is still acceptable. However, the salinity intrusion forecasting system in the Chao Phraya River is very challenging. Due to the changing water management, the uncertainty of weather forecasts and storm surge forecasting have an impact on the salinity intrusion forecasting.
คชาภรณ์ เจตนาวณิชย์
ปิยมาลย์ ศรีสมพร
The Effect of Depths of Partial Breakwater on Wave Transmissibility by Physical Model
Coastal erosion in Thailand becomes more dangerous nowadays, especially in the Upper Gulf of Thailand, where is the mudflat. Some kinds of mitigation structures face the subsidence problem because of the lack of the strength capacity of the muddy ground. Therefore, not every type of protection structure can be constructed on this clay. Only the construction that transfers its weight directly and deeply into the ground can initiate in this muddy area. In Khun Samut China village located in Samut Prakan province, the villagers applied the piles with the partial wall on the water surface, as called “partial breakwater”, to protect their land. This kind of structure is an appropriate alternative and has a higher potential for muddy coast protection. However, the effectiveness of the partial breakwater was studied only from the influence of the wave characteristics. The impact of the appearance of the structure is not yet proved. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the physical attributes of the breakwater and the transmission ability of waves through it. The experiment was conducted by varying the depth of the partial breakwater and measuring wave height before and after it hit the structure. After that, the transmission coefficient was calculated. Besides, the influence distance after the structure was considered. The results showed that the more structure depth is, the less wave transmission coefficient becomes. In conclusion, the inverse variation is the tread of the relationship between these two parameters. The results of the study will be usefully revealed to support the design of the mitigation structure for the erosion problem of muddy coast in the future
Assessing Forecast Quality of HII Flood Forecast Service in Chao Phraya River Basin
Hydrometeorological forecasts are essential to water management plans including early warning and flood damage prevention. Forecasting models have varying levels of skill depending on the forecast location and period of the year. Measure of skills can have a strong influence on how forecasts impact decisions related to water management, and they must be communicated to the users of the forecasts. Various forecast verification methods are available for assessing the multiple facets of forecast performance including notions such as accuracy, reliability and sharpness. This paper describes a variety of complementary performance metrics to verify Hydro Informatic Institute (HII)’s flood forecasts in Chao Phraya River Basin. The accuracy of the forecasts is evaluated using the continuous rank probability score (CRPS) which quantifies the difference between a forecast distribution and observation. The sharpness of forecasts is calculated using the ratio of inter quantile range (IQRs) of streamflow forecasts and a historical reference. The reliability of forecasts is also considered using attribute diagrams and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. In addition, this paper applies the traditional continuous verification methods and statistics such as Bias, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSE), Coefficient of determination (R2) and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r). The comparison of the forecast and observed discharge indicate that the MIKE11 model can predict well. The trends are similar in almost all key stations and the overall correlation is acceptable. This study definitely answers the question regarding the correlation between the forecast and observed streamflow and the performance of the forecasts. Based on the verification statistics, it was demonstrated that HII’s flood forecasts are reliable.
Hydrodynamics MIKE11 Model for Flooding Assessment in the Pho-Phraya Field
Diversion of flooding to a detention field is one of the importance measures for mitigation on inundation risk due to upstream floods in the Chao Phraya Basin. The present study therefore develops the hydrodynamic MIKE11 model for assessment of depth and area of flooding as a result of the diversion. The MIKE11 model is widely accepted in practice as a flood model in a river. In this research, we further improve the model ability to evaluate flooding situation in a detention field by assuming imaginary hydraulic structures to distribute flood excesses of actual canal network over the field area obtained from the digital elevation model (DEM). The improved MIKE11 model is then developed for describing the flood in the Pho-Phraya field. The development uses the flood data between 2016 and 2017 for model calibration and validation respectively. Development results can be divided into 2 cases: (1) flooding in the canal network and (2) spilling over the canals. For the first case, the model adopts coefficient of roughness from 0.025to 0.035. Itcould estimate upstream water level at the Pho-Phraya gate that is reasonably accurate, as compared with an appropriate observation. The coefficient of determination R2 ranges from 0.72 to 0.83 while the root mean square error (RMSE) is between 0.15 and 0.23 m. Secondly, considering the roughness coefficient of 0.045-0.05, the flooding depths (0.9-1.2 m) of the model agree with corresponding data satisfactorily. In addition, the results obtained have suggested that the concept used in the improved model could be applied to the other flooding detention field.
ชวลิต ชาลีรักษ์ตระกูล
A Water Diversion Procedure to Irrigation for the Lower Chao Phraya Basin in Dry Season
Diversion of water meeting an irrigation plan is fundamental to management of water resources in the lower Chao Phraya Basin during dry season efficiently. This study therefore proposes a procedure for water diversion from the Chao Phraya Dam that consists of a combination of a quantile regression between observed upstream-water-level of the dam and diversion discharge record (1997 – 2018) and a probability distribution (lognormal distribution) of historical capital water of the Bhumibhol and Sirikit dams for the period (1997 - 2018). The adopted regression is more suitable than ordinary least-square one because the present research is interested in obtaining the function that is conditional on quantile. In addition, when dealing with outlier condition, its estimation is also more robust. The application of the proposed procedure starts with using the distribution function to find a level of probability for the available capital water. Later, it considers the developed regression to estimate a rate of diversion discharge with the probability level and a water level observation. Results of applying to the Noi River (the Boromtart Gate) and the Tha-Chin River (the Polathep Gate) have shown that the procedure yields the size of irrigated areas that are closer to a plan than that of existing ones.
คุณานนต์ ศรีสุทิวา
Effect of Headwater to the Change in Base Length of the Non-Overflow Concrete Gravity Dam Design
In order to determine the base length of the non-overflow gravity dam using single step design, several heights such as headwater, sediment depth, height of dam and other dimensions related to the shape of dam have to be specified first by the designer. The base length is then determined by assign the base length as the function of forces such as forces due to hydrostatic pressure, uplift pressure, silt deposition near the heel of dam, weight of dam and foundation, and earthquake. The most important height, which is related to most of the forces, is the headwater. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of the headwater to the change in base length. This is done under the condition that the resultant forces have to fall in the middle third of base length and the designed dam is safe against sliding and overturning. The results found that the safe base length has relation with the headwater in quadratic equation form. Moreover, if the ratio between the base length and the headwater is less than one, the designed dam is safe against sliding and overturning without the need to extend base length.
Application of iRIC-Nays2DFlood for Study the Flow Behavior and Impact of Flooding from the Failure of Xe-Pian Dam.
The disaster of the Xe-Pian dam caused a lot of damage to the surrounding area. ​​The saddle dam D, located in Sanamxai, Attapeu province, Laos. The researcher applied the program iRIC-Nays2DFlood to create a model that shows flow behavior boundary, area, depth and duration of flooding from the study. The calculation results were used to create flood maps and flood risk maps. As well as, suggesting preventive measures and preparing for future incidents.
Influence of Spatially Varying Bias Adjustment on the accuracy of Radar Rainfall
The bias correction factor is an essential value for improving the accuracy of radar rainfall assessment. This factor is acknowledged to be used for reducing the radar rainfall estimation errors contained in the process of the Z-R conversion (the relationship between radar reflectivity (Z) and rain rate (R)). However, various bias adjustment techniques are depending upon the complexity of the analysis. To be useful for selecting the suitable technique, this study aims to study the influence of applying the spatial and temporal varying bias correction techniques on the accuracy of radar rainfall estimates compared with using the mean field bias correction technique (MFB). Two methods of spatial interpolation comprising the Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation (IDW) and Ordinary Kriging Interpolation (OK) were applied to estimate the gridded bias adjustment factor of radar rainfall. Radar reflectivity data at the Sattahip station and gauge rainfall data from 297 automatic rain gauges in 2013 were used in the study. The results appeared that coupling the spatially varying bias correction technique with the Z-R conversion significantly produce the enhancement of radar rainfall estimates compared with the use of the conventional mean field bias technique. Therefore, it is appropriate to apply the spatial bias correction techniques associated with the rainfall behavior of the study area to further increase the efficiency of water resources development of the country.
Impact of Wind Characteristics and Climate Change on Drought
Standard precipitation index (SPI) is fundamental information for assessing situation of drought in a river basin. Usually, the SPI varies with physical characteristics of the basin and change of rainfall due to climate change. Hence, the main objectives of the present paper are (1) to assess impact of wind characteristics flowing across a catchment area on drought disasters and (2) to analyze trend of the drought for the considered basin. This study uses 35 years (1981 - 2015) of monthly rainfall data for 5 stations in the windward Nakhon Nayok Basin and 9 sites in the leeward Lam takong Area. Analysis results have shown that considered impact on the drought circumstance exists because the chances of facing the moderate and extreme droughts in the Nakhon Nayok Area are less than those in the other. Moreover, the results have further indicated that global warming does not significantly affect the soilmoisture . In the other hand, the reservoir drought for both areas are significantly affected by global warming
ดุลยพล เหล็งพั้ง
STUDY OF KLONG WANG YAO BRIDGE FAILURE BY IRIC
This study is a study of the failure of the Klong Wang Yao Bridge due to the 2017 floods by using the iRIC hydraulic model to analyze hydraulic behavior. Data were collected from the actual flood stain in the area and analyzed the parameters to be used in the study of the failure behavior of the bridge, divided into 4 cases, which are case 1 with no obstacles, no change in water level. Case 2 obstacles that change the river bed. Case 3 obstacles that change the river bed and erodes the river bank. Case 4 None of the water eroded the embankment and a bridge abutment size. From the 4 case studies, it is found that water flow behavior has abnormal flow. Due to an obstacle or a pier Resulting in erosion at the pier of the Khlong Wang Yao Bridge causing the failure of the bridge From the study, it is found that the design of a bridge pier to be smaller and to build an erosion protection line along the bank of the river can help prevent erosion in the area of ​​Klong Wang Yao Bridge.
หะริน คัมภีรศาสตร์
Roughness Coefficient of Open Channel Carrying Garbage and Water Hyacinth
This experimental study was aimed at determining the Manning's roughness coefficient of canals carrying floating garbage and water hyacinth. The study was conducted in a flow circulated rectangular flume of 0.6×16×0.75 m in Coastal Hydraulic Laboratory, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Chulalongkorn University. Floating garbage was modeled using weighed plastic and wood in this experiment with seventy-five sets. In addition, water hyacinth was modeled in this experiment with fifty sets. The experiments were performed with the ranges of flow depths of 0.45 m to 0.60 m and 7.87 liter/s to 17.4 liter/s, respectively. The study results indicated that the garbage and water hyacinth increased the Manning’s n roughness coefficient about 20% and 17%, respectively. The results also shown that the increase of length of both garbage and water hyacinth increased the Manning’s n roughness coefficient. Moreover, the increase of submerge depth of both garbage and water hyacinth increased the Manning’s n roughness coefficient.
Study of Suitable Distance for Rain Gauge Installation
­­This paper aims to examine the quality of rain gauge data and study the correlation coefficient in order to analyze the suitable distance of rain gauge installation. The study area are in Tron and Phichai District of Uttaradit Province and Muang District of Khon Kaen Province. In this study, Double Mass Curve method was used to examine the reliability of rain gauge data. The annual accumulated rainfall were used to analyze the correlation coefficient of rain gauge data that located in the study area. The results of the reliability of rain gauge data from 10 rain gauge stations in Tron and Pichai District of Uttaradit Province were examined by Double Mass Curve method, 9 stations were passed and 1 station must be adjusted while the result from all 11 rain gauge stations in Muang District of Khon Kaen Province were passed. The analysis of the correlation coefficient of the annual accumulated rainfall in each rain gauge station in order to be used to analyze the suitable distance of rain gauge installation showed the results that the suitable distance for installing the rain gauge station is in the range of 5 to 10 kilometers for Tron and Phichai districts of Uttaradit Province and Muang District of Khon Kaen Province.
รัชเวช หาญชูวงศ์
ธนัท นกเอี้ยงทอง
วลัยรัตน์ บุญไทย
Rainfall-runoff modelling for flash floods in urban areas of Ban Phai city, Khon Kaen Province
Flash floods in urban areas are natural disasters that frequently happen due to the rapid urbanization. Generally, flash floods are caused by severe rainfall. These phenomena usually occur within a few hours of excessive rainfall, leaving extremely short time for warning. As a result, they can cause loss of life and destroy properties. The flash flood event occurred in Ban Phai city located in the Huai Jik basin during 31 August 2019 was studied. This study was a challenging task because there was no a stream gauge in the study area. The main objective of this study was to create a rainfall-runoff model for estimating the flood peaks and lag time. To set up the model, QGIS, open source software, was used to estimate model parameters from digital elevation model, land use maps, and soil maps. For model calibration, observed hourly rainfall data were converted by the rainfall-runoff model to simulated runoff. This simulated runoff was compared with the estimated runoff at the outlet of the Huai Jik basin, which was based on operation rule curves of the Kang La Wa reservoir. The results showed that the rainfall-runoff model was able to simulate the flood peak and lag time, which were considered to be acceptable. For further studies, rainfall analysis and design will be taken into account of rainfall-runoff modelling in order to provide several potential flash flood scenarios. These may provide a useful support to an early flood warning system.
ธีรเมธ หิรัญวัฒนานนท์
วรพงษ์ โล่ห์ไพศาลกฤช
Development of CSI index of convective rain for flash flood warning.
A flash flood is a rapid flooding that occurs suddenly when it rains or after rain, due to the amount of rain intensity exceeding the capacity of the catchment or drainage system. Mostly, flash flood often occurs in steep terrain at upstream or foothill slope, also urban areas where have the high land-use changes. Especially nowadays, the rise of building and infrastructure that affects the exiting drainage system insufficient for current land use, which is the main reason for the ability of the drainage to be less. Therefore, the predicting rainy events, especially convective rain, is a challenge and a very useful one. In this study, CAPE and CIN values, which are the main parameters for convective rainfall of the hourly predicted rain from WRF-ROMS model, are used to analyze the correlation and calculate the convectional rainfall risk index (CSI). Also, the correlation between rainfall and flash flood events was analyzed. The result indicates that the high value of the index is effective for convectional rain warning. The index could then be applied to the Flash flood warning and decision support for the water management in accordance with the critical rainfall threshold.
Flood Damage Assessment in Agricultural Areas by Using Tangible and Intangible Factors
Agricultural areas in Sena District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province have been affected by floods that occurred in the past. The damage will vary according to the area and household characteristics. Valuation of damage from flooding if considering only the tangible damage only May cause the damage value to be low or not true to the condition. Combining intangible damage factors will make the analysis results more accurate. This study consists of Creating hydraulic models to simulate flooding areas in Different return period. After that, the results were analyzed in the Geographic Information System using overlay techniques with damage factors. that are separated into tangible and intangible values. .including the economic disruption soil and water revival, community networks. In order to see more accurate damage values To be used as economic value for suggestion on damage prevention and flood management (Non-Structural measures and Structural measures. The results of the study showed that return periods of 10 years, 25 years, 50 years and 100 years, Affecting agricultural areas 91.09 sq. Km. 108.97 sq. Km. 119.72 sq. Km. And 127.50 sq. Km respectively. Worth the damage that the damage value from intangible factors will be used. Will result in increased damage of 16.89 % compared to using only tangible factors.
สาโรจน์ โพธิ์เกษม
Study on Channel Improvement of Chaopraya River
Chaopraya River is the Important River in Central of Thailand. It is Communication center, Transportation and Important of water resources for agriculture. In 2011 there was flooding and cause damage to life and property. Then, it is necessary to study of finding the way to dredging for drainage to alleviate flooding problems.The Objective of this study is to simulate flow in Chaopraya River with mathematical model MIKE 21 Flexible Mesh cover the area from C.2 station in Muang district, Nakhon Sawan province to Chaopraya Dam in Sapaya district, Chainat province. The model was calibrated with upstream water level of 4 regulators in Chaopraya River there are Manorom, Borommathat, Polthep and Maharat Regulator. The results showed after dredging, Chaopraya River has decreasing water level and most areas has increase of velocity and flow rate.
จิระวัฒน์ กณะสุต
Determination of coastal setback: A case study of Chalatat Beach, Songkhla Province
The coastal setback is like a buffer between sea & coast because it will save the balance of coastal processes from human activity on coastal areas and reduce the impact of erosion from disasters and others that may affect the lives and property of people living on the coast. This study has an objective for the determination of coastal setback of Thailand. The case study is Chalatat Beach. With estimate coastal setback to support coastal change in 2100 B.E. from 3 processes is Erosion from the storm, erosion in the past, and Erosion from sea level rise. This study suggests that erosion rate of the storm of 50 m., erosion rate in the past of 0.05 m./year, and erosion rate from sea level rise a minimum of 21.49 m. (RCP 2.6) and a maximum of 38.34 m. (RCP 8.5) the results can calculate the coastal setback as follows. In the case of RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5 of 75.99, 81.17, 82.04, and 90.91 m. sequent. The results can be used to a guideline for estimate coastal setback Which is one of the measures for managing coastal areas of Thailand in the future.
ขวัญชนก คุณกิตติ
สมปรารถนา ฤทธิ์พริ้ง
Coastal Protection at Laem Ngoo, Koa Lanta, Krabi
Laem Ngoo is located along the east side of Koa Lanta Noi Island, Krabi, Thailand. It is one of the most important areas for local communities due to its potential for future development. However, it has been severely eroded. Waves have undermined roads, prohibiting transportation, causing problems for local people. Although protecting the coastline must be urgent, it needs to be done carefully, otherwise negative consequences may arise. Integration among coastal engineering, environmental assessment, and stakeholder involvement is the key for successful coastal protection. This approach has been practiced by the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning, and can be a novel example for other coastal practitioners when protecting other eroding coastal sites.
เชิดวงศ์ แสงศุภวานิช
ลัดดาวัลย์ วิระมิตรชัย
เยาวลักษณ์ จรัสเอี่ยม
Water Quality Index for Water Distribution System
Good water distribution systems should provide good quality water with enough pressure for customers. For controlling water quality, chlorine is one of the most used chemicals. This research analyzed two water quality indices from free residual chlorine concentration in the system that are a modified Canadian water quality index (MCWQI) and a safety water quality index (SWQI) in a district metering area (DMA) of Metropolitan Waterworks Authority. The results showed that the SWQI is 69.30 meaning the DMA can be considered as safe. The MCWQI is 93.98 which means the DMA water quality is excellent. However, the MCWQI value did not indicate whether the problem was from low or high free residual chlorine concentration in the network. When the MCWQI was hourly calculated, we found that the hourly MCWQI are varied resulting in water quality condition ranging from fair to excellent. Therefore, hourly MCWQI analysis can be used for a better water quality management.
บุศรินทร์ ไชยเสน
นิสภัสร์ วงศ์พัฒน์
เหมภัทร ชาติวัฒนานนท์
ปาริฉัตร ปั้นทอง
กมล วิศาลสวัสดิ์
จิรเมธ ช้างคล่อม
Assessment of water transport potential in the Lam Phra Phloeng River using HEC RAS
Nowadays, many areas in Thailand face flood and drought problems. The study of the transport potential of the major rivers is therefore important for increasing the efficiency of water resource management, for reducing the damage from flooding and for knowing the potential of water transportation to agricultural area. The objective of this study is to evaluate the water transport potential in the Lam Phra Phloeng River using the HEC RAS model. The Lam Phra Phloeng River has the potential to transport water 56.43 – 667.80 cubic meters per second or average 222.11 cubic meters per second. In flooding case, the Lam Phra Phloeng River can drain flooding on a 100-year return periods. It has the potential to drain well throughout the Lam Phra Phloeng River but there are only 7 cross-sections from 32 cross-sections which can drain water below the 100-year return periods. The average flow rate that can handle the amount of flooding at return periods 2 5 10 25 and 50 years are 55.88, 124.95, 156.61, 189.82, 211.89 cubic meters per second, respectively. Overall, the drainage of the Lam Phra Phloeng River can drain well in the middle and the downstream of the river. There are only 5 sections at kilometers 20+535 and from kilometers 81 + 107 to 89 + 894 that should be considered to increase water drainage potential.
ธนัช สุขวิมลเสรี
Investigation of Shoreline Change in Phan Thiet Bay, Binh Thuan, Vietnam
Phan Thiet bay in VIetnam has eroded and accreted for many years. That causes serious consequences because main activities of community in Phan Thiet bay are tourism and fishery which depend on shoreline significantly. Not only the economy but also people’s life and environment are affected by erosion and accretion. Both natural factors and human factors may cause shoreline change such as waves, currents, structures along the coast or changing of sediment from river. This study aims to investigate the effect of jetties on shoreline in Phan Thiet bay, Binh Thuan, Vietnam by analyzing the Landsat satellite images by using Geographic Information System (GIS), and determining End Point Rate of shoreline change by Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). The result could be one source for an appropriate plan of coastal management in this area. The study found that after the Jetties were built in 1997 and 2004, the shoreline change rate was lower than that recent years from 2016 to 2020.
Impacts of Future Climate Change on Inflow to Pasak Jolasid Dam in Pasak River Basin, Thailand
The impacts of future climate change on inflow to the Pasak Jolasid Dam in the Pasak River Basin was assessed by using the hydrologic modelling system (HEC-HMS) and the bias-corrected climate change projection derived by averaging the outputs of three regional climate models (RCMs) namely: ACCESS, CNRM and MPI. The hydrological response of the Pasak River Basin to future climate projection for the periods 2020s (2011-2040), 2050s (2041-2070), and 2080s (2071-2100) was quantified using the calibrated and validated climate change trends and the HEC-HMS hydrological model which was calibrated and verified using the daily observed data from 1970-2010 and 2007-2015 respectively. The simulation results showed that the future precipitation trend fluctuates and slightly decreases until the end of 21st century by –5.69% and -12.68% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 at Lom Sak Station. The projected mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures were found to increase by 4.99% and 6.49% respectively for RCP4.5; by 6.58% and 8.46% respectively for RCP8.5, during twenty-first century. The future inflow to Pasak Jolasid Dam calculated from RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 was found to decrease by -0.61% and -3.39% for 2020s, by -2.82% and -6.15% for 2050s, and by -7.56% and -9.21% for 2080s respectively. However, these long term prediction on the change of future precipitation and temperature is only an estimate. The results can be used as a guideline for long-term sustainable water resources project planning and water resources management as well as in proposing appropriate adaptation strategies for the Pasak River Basin.
Study on the Efficiency of Chantaburi Flood Alleviation Project
This research aimed at study the efficiency of flood alleviation project in Chanthaburi by mathematical model analysis. The analysis was carried out in an area of runoff stations Z.13 to Z.14 (Makham district, Chanthaburi province to Chanthaburi river estuary, Mueang district, Chanthaburi province) with calibration of the model with 2 parts: the rainfall-runoff model and the hydrodynamic model. The results for calibration and verification of the rainwater-runoff mathematical model provided values were as follows: The calibration parameter Umax = 10.1-19.1mm., Lmax = 101-104 mm., CQOF = 0.38-0.8hr., CKIF = 213.6-214.9, CK1,2 = 16.4, TOF = 0.42-0.51, TIF = 0.15-0.24, TG = 0.9 and CKBF = 3901 with the index of acceptance (IA) in range of 0.89-0.92. The Manning’s M value, was determined from the hydraulic model, was 20-22 with the index of acceptance (IA) in range of 0.79-0.92. Then, this mathematical model was applied to analyze the efficiency of Chanthaburi flood alleviation project. The flooding data in 1999 and water diversion at the flow rate of 300 m3/s were used for analysis. The amounts of rainfall increasing from the data in 1999 with 25, 50, 75 and 100 % were investigated. The results indicated that Chanthaburi flood alleviation project had been operated efficiently in 1999 and the increment of rainfall with 50 % of data in 1999 would cause flooding in Chanthaburi city.
ชัยวัฒน์ เอกวัฒน์พานิชย์
จักรพันธุ์ วงษ์พา
Moisture condition on Strength of Laterite Stone for Non-binding Material Construction
This study reported the engineering property of laterite brick for ancient structure construction without using of cementing mortar. Natural laterite brick from Phonnakaew district, Sakhon Nakhon province was used and tested for engineering strength with varied moisture condition. The result shown increasing of moisture from air dried to wet condition affected the increment of unit weight and reduction of brick strength. In wet condition, highest unit weight of 2769 kg/m3, lowest compressive strength, modulus of rupture and shear strength of 53, 2, and 13 ksc and static friction coefficient of 0.56 were presented respectively. Those of critical strength values in wet condition are relate to practical using and safety design of laterite brick.
แสงสุรีย์ พังแดง
ดารุณี แก้วพิกุล
ธวัชชัย โทอินทร์
ศราวรณ์ ศาศวัตภิรมย์
Gap Filling Daily Rainfall Data using Quantile Method
Filling the gap of daily rainfall data is an important step to obtain a complete data set before further study that related to water resources. Generally, methods that use to fill the gap are arithmetic mean and inverse distant weighting (IDW). Some limitations of these traditional methods are underestimation of daily rainfall and overestimation of the number of rainy days, for example. Thus, this research attempts to study a gap filling daily rainfall data base upon statistical approach, quantile method (QT). By this method, a mixed probability distribution of Bernoulli-Gamma function is used to derive the target and source stations daily rainfall distributions of six selected rain stations located in upper Ping River basin. This study has tested such method to fill the missing daily rainfall at 20% and 40% percent missing. The study result reveals that QT generally yields a statistical value such as mean, maximum, variance, and 99% percentile better than IDW, but QT yields greater RMSE and MAE because QT produce higher in variance.
ศรีสุนี วุฒิวงศ์โยธิน
กุลสตรี ศรีจุมปา
Experimental Study on FRP Rebars Reinforced Concrete under Axially Compressive Loads
This paper presents the experimental study results of the FRP rebars reinforced concrete under axially compressive loads. The objectives are to study the mechanical behaviors, modes of failure and strengths of the FRP rebars reinforced concrete and to compare the obtained results with those of the concrete and the steel reinforced concrete. The specimens have circular cross section with 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height. The total of 84 specimens were studied. The variables are ultimate compressive strength of concrete of 300ksc 350ksc 400ksc and 500ksc and the percentage of the cross sectional area of the reinforcements (steel rebars and FRP rebars) to the cross sectional area of the concrete of 0% 2.56% 3.84% and 5.12%. The stirrups are equal for all specimens. From the experiments, it was found that the FRP rebars reinforced concrete has linear behavior up to 60-80% of their maximum strength, similar to those of the steel reinforced concrete and higher than the concrete. Then, the behavior is nonlinear to their maximum strength with the continuous decreasing in its strength. The modes of failure of the FRP rebars reinforced concrete are more brittle than the steel reinforced concrete and less brittle than the concrete. Finally, the FRP rebars can strengthening the concrete by increasing the compressive strength in the range of 18 to 45%, compared to those of the steel rebars strength in the range of 22 to 70%.
สิทธิชัย แสงอาทิตย์
ศตาวิชญ์ ศีลธรรมพิทักษ์
ภารดา น้อยนรินทร์
A STUDY OF CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT RIGID VIERENDEEL BEAMS BEHAVIOUR BY USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
This article aims to study the behaviors of flexural strength and predict deflection of structure of concrete reinforcement rigid vierendeel beams. Behaviors were compared when dividing different spaces among all vertical parts of beam in order to find appropriateness of concrete reinforcement rigid vierendeel beams. The results were analyzed by using “Finite Element Method” via SAP2000V.21. To conduct this research, concrete reinforcement rigid vierendeel beams were modeled with the width of 2000 mm., the depth of 5250 mm., and the length of 24450 mm. in 5 formats as follows: 1) In the event that there was 1 panel of space among vertical parts of beam; 2) In the event that there were 2 panels of space among vertical parts of beam; 3) In the event that there were 3 panels of space among vertical parts of beam; 4) In the event that there were 6 panels of space among vertical parts of beam; 5) In the event that there were 12 panels of space among vertical parts of beam. Each part of rigid vierendeel beam consisted of upper-lower chords with the size of 2000x1000 mm. and vertical part of beam with the size of 900x1350 mm. Beams were defined as a part of a hospital building with Dead Load (DL) of 2400 kg./cubic meter, Superimposed Dead Load (SDL) of 400 kg./square meter, Live Load (LL) of 400 kg./square meter, and total stress factor of 1.4DL+1.4SDL+1.7LL (based on ACI 9.2.1) Standard. They were designed under ACI 318-14 Standard. The results of comparison on behavior revealed that suitable range of open panel formats for concrete reinforcement rigid vierendeel beams with the width of 2000 mm., the depth of 5250 mm., and the length of 24450 mm. was the range from Format 3 – 4. Deformation of both patterns was ranged between 2.24-1.30 centimeters. For Format 5 with 12 panels of space, deformation was only 0.96 centimeters. However, too many vertical parts may be wasted and may increase constructional cost while the difference of deformation was only 1.28 centimeters.
ปริยานุช ใหม่จันทร์
อานนท์พร สุวรรณพลาย
อาทิตย์ เพชรศศิธร
Estimation of Dynamic Parameter of Umong Stupa Using Inverse Analysis Through Time History Method
This article presents estimation of dynamic parameters of Umong stupa by using inverse analysis through time history method. The accelerations response of Umong stupa was measured at base and top positions. The fundamental frequency of stupa was estimated via Fourier analysis of measured acceleration response. Then, accurate values of fundamental frequency and damping coefficient were computed from the inverse analysis technique through Newmark’s time stepping method. The result shows very close value of fundamental frequency from Fourier analysis and inverse analysis technique.
ชินพัฒน์ บัวชาติ
ชยานนท์ หรรษภิญโญ
นเรเมต ตันติสุขุมาล
Wind Response of Circular Towers and Response Reduction Method by Tuned Mass Dampers and Tuned Liquid Dampers
High-rise circular tower is considered as slender building which is subject to a high response under the wind load. The vibration may disturb the harmony of resident and cause deficiency to non-structural component. The vibration control device known as “Dampers” has been developed to control structural response under dynamics load by give an equivalent damping to overall structural system. It has an advantage over the conventional design such as reduce a wasteful of structural material and other function design. This research focus on the approximated formula to design an optimum parameter and the formula to estimate an equivalent damping of structural system obtained from 2 type of mass dampers, namely Tune mass Dampers (TMD) and Tuned Liquid Damper (TLD). Experiment the structural design with the circular watchtower to study the profit of mass dampers compared with conventional design. The result show that mass dampers significantly reduce the amount of structural work.
พัฒน์ศิริ ใจก้าวหน้า
วิโรจน์ บุญญภิญโญ
BEHAVIOR OF BORED PILE FOUNDATION ON SLOPING GROUND UNDER LATERAL LOADING
The northern region of Thailand has a plateau landscape and a risk of earthquake. Buildings may be constructed on the sloping ground and a question about the strength of pile for resisting earthquake is asked many times from residents. The objectives of this research are to study the behavior of bored pile subjected to lateral loading by doing experiment, the details of bored pile are from the construction drawing of staff dormitory building at University of Phayao where islocated on the area of sloping ground, and to compare the experimental results with the analysis of pile model with lateral spring which is taken into account lateral soil pressure. The results of this study show that the pile constructed on the sloping ground can resist the lateral load effectively. In addition, the analysis of pile with lateral spring that usually done by engineers can capture the behavior of pile subjected to lateral loading in the conservative way although the pile is on the sloping ground.
นาย วิทวัส คำทิพย์
Study on the properties of cellular lightweight concrete with non-metallic fraction from recycling of printed circuit boards as constituent
At present, there are idea and interest in the use of plastic waste from the production of printed circuit boards (PCB) to reduce its impact on the environment. One way is to utilize such plastic waste as an ingredient in concrete products. The objective of this research is to study the effects of non-metallic fraction (NMF) obtained from PCB on the physical and mechanical properties of cellular lightweight concrete by replacing some fine aggregates with NMF at 10-50 percent by weight. The density of fresh concrete was controlled at 700 and 1,000 kg/m3 with constant water-cement ratio (W/C) of 0.5, and foaming agent obtained from mixing with water at ratio of 1: 40. The foamed concrete was prepared with a foam generator at a density of 50 kg/m3. The results showed that replacing sand with NMF resulted in slight variation of dry density of cellular lightweight concrete from the controlled values, and also resulted in increased compressive strength and water absorption. The studie suggested that cellular lightweight concrete can be manufactured by using NMF as partial replacement of sand, which meets the TIS specifications for cellular lightweight concrete block
กาญจนาวรรณ์ ปัญญาวีร์
สุพพัต ควรพงษากุล
เปรมฤดี กาญจนปิยะ
Flexural Behavior of Hollow Section Steel Beams with Partially Infilled Concrete
Generally, infilling concrete in hollow section steel beams can enhance their flexural capacity significantly. The infilled concrete plays an important role to resist compressive component of bending moment. In hollow section steel beams without infilled concrete, the compressive component of bending moment is resisted only by the steel flange. Under the compressive component, the beam’s flange reaches their limit when it is buckled. In other words, local buckling of beam flange under compressive component is the component that control the flexural behavior of the hollow section steel beams. In hollow section steel beams with infilled concrete, the concrete resists the compressive component of bending moment together with the beam’s flange. However, even the flexural capacity of the beams with infilled concrete are greater than those one of the beam without infilled concrete, the local buckling of the beam’s flange still be the capacity control component and occurred at the maximum moment position. Therefore, this study aims to reduce unnecessary weight of concrete that may not contribute to the capacity enhancement of the beams with infilled concrete. The flexural testing of hollow section steel beams with infilled concrete about 50 percent of beam length are performed together with the beams with full infilled concrete and without infilled concrete. The results of the study show that of Hollow Section Steel Beams with Partially Infilled Concrete can increase the maximum bending force 1.379-1.615 tons-meters and Results of the study will be discussed.
Development of pervious concrete with non-metallic part from recycling of printed circuit boards as constituent
This research studied the use of Non - Metallic Part (NMP) from recycling of printed circuit boards as fine aggregate to partially replace natural fine aggregate in pervious concrete production at 10% , 20% , 30% , 40% and 50% by weight. Two sizes of coarse aggregate were 4 – 8 mm and 8 – 16 mm, to study mechanical property and permeability of pervious concrete compared with conventional pervious concrete. The result indicated that the compressive strength of only pervious concrete with NMP replacement increased as much as 89% when compared to conventional pervious concrete with fine aggregate because small-sized NMP filled in pore in concrete. In addition, when the porosity decreased, the permeability of concrete decreased as well. The optimal amounts of NMP replacement were 40% for aggregate size 4 – 8 mm and 20% for aggregate size 8 – 16 mm by fine aggregate weight.
จักรพันธ์ เทือกต๊ะ
Dynamic Responses of a Floating Solar Mooring Cable with the Top End Excitation
This research aims to investigate the effect of top end excitation on the dynamic responses of a mooring cable, which is installed in a floating photovoltaic system. The mathematical model formulation of the elastic cable is developed based on the principle of virtual work. The nonlinear static configurations of cables are evaluated by using the nonlinear finite element procedure. The Newmark’s time integration is applied to determine the dynamic responses of a mooring cable due to the harmonic top end excitation. The constraint conditions of the top end excitation are imposed in the equation of motions by using the penalty method. According to the top end sway and heave excitation, the effects of amplitude and frequency of the top end excitation on the dynamic responses of cable are investigated.
ธนิยพรรธน์ ศรีมนตริภักดี
3D Laser Scanning Technology and Finite Element Method for Thai Ancient Masonry Fort: A case study of Mahakarn Fort
This research presents the archiving of terrestrial 3D laser scan data and finite element method for preservation of Thai Ancient Masonry Fort. The Mahakarn fort is selected as a case study. By applying the terrestrial laser scanning technology, the digital massive data of the fort was archived. The obtained data was applied to develop the 3D point cloud model of the fort. The current dimensions and elevation of the fort in main directions are reported in this paper. The samples of masonry materials were collected from various locations of the fort. The density and compressive strength of masonry materials were evaluated in laboratory. Based on the 3D point cloud data, the 3D solid model of the assumed original shape of the fort was developed. The finite element method was applied for structural analysis. The contour of principle stresses was developed to identify the locations of peak stressed in compression and tension zones. The deformation contour of the fort due to dead load and live load was predicted in comparison with the current 3D point cloud model. The obtained data can be applied for further stability assessment and structural health monitoring.
The Design and Evaluation Performance Connection Support of Toll Booth Prototype
A new version of toll booth was established because of the deteriorated of previously toll booth one. A new toll booth was designed for more resistance to the environment, strong, safely and modern. The toll booth design was concern an accident cases which might effected to the toll booth, which is the cause of “connection support” design. In this paper mention about the model to analyse under the collision force of 6-wheels truck (weight = 15 ton) case. Collision force would be found by calculate the collision force in the direction 0 and 45 degree. The direction of 0 and 45 degree are the accident case that possibly occurs. To calculate a support connection capacity and deformation shape by using finite element program to analyse a support connection performance. In this case, we use the program to analyse support connection performance at the base of toll booth. The result shows that support connection performance at the base of toll booth can be resist the collision force effectively with a little damage at the bolt hole failure mode from bearing deformation at the steel plate.
In-situ Investigation of Distribution Factors and Impact Factors for Enhancing Design of Box Beam and Plank Girder Bridges with Continuous Deck Slab
This paper presents in-situ investigation of distribution factors and impact factors for enhancing design of box beam and plank girder bridges with continuous deck slab. Analysis of measured strains reveals that skew angle and sidewalk have significant effect on girder distribution factors (GDFs) and impact factors (IMs) whereas span continuity has only little influence. Bridges without or with slightly skewed and/or in absence of sidewalk can distribute live load better than bridges with highly skewed and/or in the presence of sidewalk. Statistical maximum GDFs and IMs of bridges without or with slightly skewed and/or in absence of sidewalk are lowers than those of bridges with highly skewed and/or in the presence of sidewalk. Statistical maximum GDFs and IMs of bridges without or with slightly skewed and/or in the absence of sidewalk correspond with GDFs and IMs suggested in AASHTO LRFD (2007 SI) specifications whereas statistical maximum GDFs and IMs of bridges with highly skewed and/or in the presence of sidewalk correspond with GDFs and IMs suggested in AASHTO STANDARD (2002) specifications. It is recommended that GDFs and IMs suggested in AASHTO STANDARD (2002) shall be used in the design of highly skewed and/or in the presence of sidewalk of box beam and plank girder bridges with continuous deck slab.
วุฒิชัย อมรประสิทธิ์ผล
Behavior of Connections between Hollow Section Steel Beam to Concrete Infilled
Infilling concrete into hollow section steel columns is one of popular method to enhance the axial capacity of the members. The infilled concrete strength is typically higher than the specific value because the close section hollow steel is perfectly confined container. However, infilling concrete into the columns is not only enhance the axial capacity of the members but also affects to behavior of beam-to-columns. This paper aims to study about the influence of infilling concrete into the columns on the behavior of beam-to-column connections which the beam width is smaller than the column width. Cantilever tests of the studied beam-to-column connections are performed. Results show that initial stiffness of the connection with infilled concrete is increased about 2.5 time while moment capacity of the connection with infilled concrete is increased about 3.9 time compared to those without concrete.
Effects of Beam Eccentricity on Behavior of Connections between Hollow Section Steel Beam to Concrete Infilled Column
There are number of factors that influence to behavior of beam-to-column connections. According previous studies, beam eccentricity is an importance factor which affects to the connection’s behavior, especially for the connections that the beam width is less than the column width. The initial stiffness and moment capacity are increased when the beam eccentricity increased. Therefore, this paper aims to study about effects of the beam eccentricity on behavior of hollow section steel beam-to-concrete infilled column connections. The cantilever tests are performed to evaluate the behavior of the connections. Results show that initial stiffness of the connection with infilled concrete is increased about 1.72 time while moment capacity of the connection with infilled concrete is increased about 2.62 time compared to those without concrete.
Reliability Analysis of Spread Foundation Structure for Clay and Sandy Areas
This research is an analysis of the reliability of the spread foundation structure of the case studies. Internet Service Center Building Construction Project (USO NET) by the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (NBTC). These studies aim to analyze the actual force acting on the spread foundation and the ultimate capacity of the soil that supports the spread foundation in square foundation types from the original soil level to the depth of each level by Boring test. By classifying two types of soil, sand and clay, in the provinces in the northern region and northeast region to determine the Reliability Index of the spread foundation structure and also the Target Reliability Index. These studies found that the reliability indexes of the spread foundation structure can be used for reference or for the benefit of spread foundation construction in that area.
เพ็ญวิสุทธิ์ ยิ้มเเฉ่ง
Analyzing and Designing the Truss Structure with Wooden Ice Cream Sticks Using Microsoft Excel Program
This project is to analyse and design the truss structure with wooden ice cream sticks using the Microsoft Excel program. This project starts with studying of material properties, selecting the interesting truss patterns and creating formulas for analysis of truss structure with Microsoft Excel Program. The 9 selected trusses are analysed using Microsoft Excel and Finite Element Programs. The results of the internal strength analysis of the trusses of both programs have been compared. The simulated trusses structures are assembled with ice cream sticks to test the load and compared the deflection values from the test with analysis using Microsoft Excel and Finite Element programs. The comparison results of 9 different trusses in the form of payload used in analysis the maximum equal to 50 kilograms found that the internal force from the analysis of the trusses with Microsoft Excel and Finite Element programs have different values. The average is 1.21 kilograms or equal to 4.10 percent. The comparison of deflection result obtained from the test with the analysis using Microsoft Excel and the Finite element programs has similar values and only 2.62% difference. As mentioned above, it concludes that the Microsoft Excel program can be used in the analysis and design in trusses with 9 wooden ice cream stick types instead of the Finite Element program.
ณัฐพงษ์ เกยพระยา
EFFECT OF CONFINING PRESSURE ON DUCTILITY OF SQUARE SECTION CONCRETE FILLED STEEL TUBE COLUMN
This paper aims to develop the performance of the square section of the CFT column using preconfining pressure. The square sections of CFT columns were experimentally investigated for its ductility performance including of ductility factor, energy absorption factor and work index, based on its compressive strength and load-deformation characteristics under uni-axial load test. The main parameter investigated was the confining pressure, which various from 0, 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2MPa corresponding to 0%, 11.4%, 22.9% and 34.3% of concrete strength. The steel tubes grade TIS SM490 with external dimensions of 98 mm, 98 mm and 350 mm were used to confine the core concrete having a compressive strength of 20.98 MPa. The confining pressure was applied by preconfining of the steel jacket. Test results showed that increasing of confining pressure of 11.4%-34.3% of concrete strength significantly improved the compressive strength of the square section of CFT column by 3.0-19.3%. However, at low confining pressure, the increase of confining pressure slightly increased the compressive strength. Moreover, it was found that the use of preconfining steel jacket for the square section of CFT column does not enhancing its ductility performance unlike the circular section.
ภัทรจีรา ไตรวงค์ย้อย
วัจน์วงค์ กรีพละ
Post-Buckling Behavior of Variable-Arc-Length Pipe due to Internal Fluid Motion
This paper presents the large deflection of variable-arc-length pipe transporting fluid under a compressive load. The set of nonlinear governing equations of the pipe is derived by considering the equilibrium of force and moment and the geometric relation of the differential pipe segment in two-dimension. The set of governing equations yields the nonlinear first-order differential equation, which corresponds to the two-points boundary value problem. The numerical solution is solved by using the shooting method. The present numerical result is found to be accurate when compares with the elliptic integral solution provided in the available literature. Three equilibrium states can be found from the load-displacement curve of the pipe including stable, unstable, and critical equilibrium states. The numerical results also indicate that the effect of the pipe weight and the compression load at the end cause to decrease the critical velocity of the transporting fluid.
Shear Strength Models for Reinforced Concrete Squat Walls Under Seismic Loading: A Comparative Study
Seven state-of-the-art shear strength models for reinforced concrete squat walls available in the literature were reviewed and assessed against a large database of 657 test results covering a wide range of important parameters. The selected shear strength models compared in this study consist of ACI 318-19, Sánchez-Alejandre and Alcocer, Gulec and Whittaker, Kassem, Ning and Lee,Hwang et al., Baghi et al. The comparative results indicated that the approach of Gulec and Whittaker predicted the shear strength of squat walls more precisely than the other models with the lowest coefficient of variation and mean absolute error, while the ACI 318-19 method showed the largest error and uncertainty. It was also found that most of methods considered herein gave the relatively conservative predictions for the members with low concrete strength.
วีระพงษ์ ชมชายผล
ปนัสย์ชัย เชษฐ์โชติศักดิ์
Seismic Response Coefficient in Every District of Steel Building from Code of Public Works and Town & Country Planning (DPT 1301/1302-61)
This article shows the guidelines for calculate the seismic response coefficient (Cs) by DPT. 1301/1302-61, equivalent lateral force procedure of all districts nationwide of steel buildings for being basic information or references by specifying information are that not over 2 storey building calculate at 6 meters height and 3 storey building or higher calculate at 50 meters height. The building risk categories are low, normal, high and very high. Building systems are steel moment resisting frame include ordinary steel moment frame, intermediate steel moment frame and special steel moment frame. The results are the Cs value of 926 districts, seismic design category, prohibit or available building systems. The overview of the area that have to seismic design in each region consistent to the existing laws, Ministerial Regulation B.E.2550. It is a guideline to improve the laws or related code and standard to be easy to use in the future.
สิวะลักษมณ์ ขำนุรักษ์
สรกานต์ ศรีตองอ่อน
Comparative Study of Moment-Plastic Rotation Model of Wide Flange Steel Columns Subjected to Axial Load and Moment by Using ASCE41-13 and ASCE41-17
In this paper, model of plastic hinge for non-linear static analysis of 10 wide-flange steel column sections under axial load and bending are comparatively studied based on both ASCE41-13 and ASCE 41-17 standards. It is found that parameters affecting the backbone of plastic hinge of wide-flange steel columns comprise of size of steel sections, unbraced length of members and axial load ratios. This study shows that the backbone response of moment-plastic rotation for wide-flange steel columns according to ASCE41-13 is not always conservative in comparison with ASCE41-17. For wide-flange steel sections that are not larger than W300x150x36.7 kg/m, ASCE41-17 instead of ASCE41-13 may yield the conservative backbone response.
เพทาย อุดมการเกษตร
A Study of the Reinforcement of Steel Plates into RC Cantilever Stairs to Reduce Vibration Effects from Human Walking Activities
Static loadings resistance is always the first design criteria. However, further investigation should also be conducted for a structure like floors, bridges, and stairs which are subjected to dynamic loadings in the form of human activities such as walking, running, or jumping; these loadings often result in vibrational effects associated with the user’s comfort. While most researches were mostly about walking force on flat surfaces, this study will mainly focus on reinforced concrete cantilever staircase which has been reported to encounter a significant level of vibration due to periodic walking motion. Therefore, this paper presents the attempt to study the characteristics and response of RC cantilever stair design once being subjected to human-induced vibration and to propose the application of extra reinforcing steel used to lessen the dynamic effects. Numerical analysis is done on an RC cantilever stairs model having dimensions of 100 centimeters in length, and 25 centimeters in width. To keep the concept of “modern” structures, the thickness is maintained to be only 10 centimeters. Both ascending and descending motions are performed, and acceleration data is collected for evaluation. For the proposed reinforcement measures to be proven effective, several parameters must satisfy the recommended design criteria which are shear force, bending moment, deflection, and acceleration. The benefits of implementing this project are reducing user’s discomfort due to vibration within the staircase structure by introducing innovative reinforcement patterns while still maintaining slender dimensions as specified in the architectural plans. Keywords: RC cantilever stair, human walking load, vibration on stair, human comfort vibration
The Study of the Vertical Connection of Precast Concrete Bearing Wall Used in Residential Buildings Under Pull-Out Load
The purpose of this research was to study the pull-out behavior and to evaluate the performance of vertical connection of the precast concrete bearing wall. Two types of vertical connection of the wall commonly used in construction were investigated in this study, including dowel connection and plate connection. Precast wall concrete samples had 1200mm x 600mm in cross section and 100 mm in thickness. All samples were reinforced with steel wire mesh of 6mm@100 mm in the middle of the thickness and 12-mm deformed bar were added around the edge of the wall to prevent the edge crack. The 12mm deformed bar was used as a vertical connector between precast walls for these two types of connection, and it would be used to evaluate the pull-out behavior. The main results from this test was the relationship between pull-out load and the displacement measured by LVDT installed at the top of the connector bar. Investigated parameters were types of connection and embedded length in concrete of rebar used as a connector. It was found that the maximum pull-out load increased as the embedded length of rebar was increased. Furthermore, this research also helps designers to better understand pull-out behavior, failure mode of pull-out, and suitable embedded length of rebar for the design in future.
สุรัตน์ เสมสวัสดิ์
Thermal Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Section Exposed to Fire
This article proposes the simplified two-dimensional non-linear transient thermal analysis for temperature distribution in the reinforced concrete structure. The finite element method (FEM) is performed using the ANSYS software. In the model, the thermal properties of concrete such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, and density are used according to EN-1992-1-2. The purpose of the research is to investigate the fire resistance time of reinforced concrete structures exposed to the ISO834 standard fire curve under the temperature criteria. The beam, slab, and column with have the concrete covering according to the Thai Building Control Act (B.E. 2549) are considered.Based on the FEM results, the obtained temperature distributions are in agreement with the past experimental results. And, the concrete covering in accordance with the Thai Building Control Actprovides the fire resistance rate consistent with the value of fire resistance time proposed by the Thai Building Control Act.
Effect of Confining Pressure on Failure Patterns of Square Section Concrete Filled Steel Tube Column
This paper aims to develop the performance of the square section of the CFT column using preconfining pressure. The square sections of CFT columns were experimentally investigated for its compressive strength and failure patterns under uni-axial load test. The main parameter investigated was the confining pressure, which various from 0, 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2 MPa corresponding to 0%, 11.4%, 22.9% and 34.3% of concrete strength. The steel tubes grade TIS SM490 with external dimensions of 98 mm, 98 mm and 350 mm were used to confine the core concrete having a compressive strength of 20.98 MPa. The confining pressure was applied by preconfining of the steel jacket. Test results revealed that increasing of confining pressure of 11.4%-34.3% of concrete strength significantly improved the compressive strength of the square section of CFT column by 3.01-19.21%. The main failure mode of the test specimen was due to shear failure in the concretecore which induced outward buckling in steel tube. Moreover, it was also found that changing of confining pressure affected the failure plane angle of CFT column. The minimum failure plane angle occurred at the confining pressure of 11.4% of concrete strength.
วัชรา โพธิ์สาวัง
Nonlinear Static Response and Free Vibration of Pressurized Semi-Torus Shell
This paper presents the nonlinear static response and free vibration of pressurized semi-torus shell by using differential geometry. Energy functional of pressurized semi-torus shell system can be performed by principle of virtual work. Deformed configuration and natural frequencies of pressurized semi-torus shell can be obtained by finite element method. Numerical results indicate that the deformed configuration has a dis-continuity at the apex point of pressurized semi-torus shell. Moreover, the changes of thickness and cross-sectional radius have a large effect on the deformed configurations and natural frequencies.
จีรศักดิ์ สุพรมวัน
กิ่งสมร ทิพย์โยธา
วีรพันธุ์ เจียมมีปรีชา
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF SLAB-COLUMN CONNECTION UNDER CYCLIC LATERAL LOADING
The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the seismic behavior of a full-scale interior slab-column connection specimen. The post-tensioned flat slab was installed by 8 bonded tendons, which pre-compressionequals to 2.3 MPa, and shear reinforcements, i.e., stud rails to protect punching shear, were placed in an orthogonal layout according to ACI 318.. The specimen was tested under cyclic lateral loading by displacement-controlled method until failure. The test results were presented in terms of relationship between lateral load and lateral drift ratio as hysteretic loop behavior. It was found that the specimen can resist the punching shear, and showed a lateral drift ratio about 7.5% at ultimate load. The specimen with the stud rails can improve ductility substantially.
พิสณฑ์ อุดมวรรัตน์
ณัฐวุฒิ ธนศรีสถิตย์
อดิศร โอวาทศิริวงศ์
Stability Evaluation of Clamped – Clamped Variable-Arc-Length Elastica using External Force: Theory and Experiment
This paper presents the study of the stability of an elastica under the gravitational field using the horizontal force at mid-length of the elastica. One end of the elastica is initially fixed while the other end can increase the length through the sleeve support. At the mid-length of the elastica, there is a horizontal force served as a tool for investigating the stability of the elastica. The stability of the elastica can be observed from the signs of the stiffness of the elastica against the horizontal force. The governing differential equations consist of equilibrium equations of the elastica segment, moment-curvature relationship, and geometric relations of the elastica. Solutions of the problem can be calculated by employing the shooting method. The governing differential equations are integrated numerically (i.e., Runge-Kutta method) to satisfy boundary conditions. The results from the computation would be compared to the experimental results. From the study, the gravitational field in terms of self-weight of the elastica causes the instability when the total arc-length is increased beyond a critical value. Moreover, the results from the experiment using the high flexibility specimens (i.e., polycarbonate sheets) exhibit the good agreement with those from the theoretical results.
บุญชัย ผึ้งไผ่งาม
RELIABILITY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION DESIGN FOR THE STEEL BUILDING OF PUBLIC INTERNET SERVICE CENTER (USO NET)
Analysis of the safety of building structures in Thailand uses code and standard designstandards such as ACI Code, ASCE, AISC, EURO Code and EIT, Code of Bangkok, etc., to findout the results of the result is based on criteria condition and controls the process of calculating thenumber by the load factor and the resistance factor. The probability of survival looking at theprobability of failure as the opposite value if combined must be equal to 1. The value has been calculated cannot exceed the reliability index target relies on the collection of information from the construction site to a statistical table then find the statistical parameters required in the equation to calculate the following: Average (Mean) Standard Deviation Covariance, Bias.
พันกฤษ โยธินธนะรัชต์
Case Studies of Building Damaged Investigation according to the Standard of Inspection, Evaluation, Repair, and Rehabilitation of Existing Building and Damaged Building Structures
Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning (DPT) has developed the standardof inspection, evaluation, repair, and rehabilitation of existing building and damaged building structures (DPT. 1902-62). This article aims at presenting case studies of inspection, evaluation, and recommendation for the repair of damaged building according to the standard based on performance and level of damage of building structures. There were 3 case studies investigated involving settlement of building structure, fire in building structure, and damage of building structure due to chloride. The result showed that for the case study of settlement, the building structure was safe to be used but subjected to repairing and retrofitting. For the case study of fire in building structure, the use of building was suspended and demolition was recommended. For the case study of damaged building structure due to chloride, the use of building was suspended for repairing. The results of these studies could be used as a guidance for future cases with similar damages.
สุวัฒน์ รามจันทร์
Torsional performance of low strength RC concrete beams strengthened with high-ductile metal straps
This research studies the Torsional performance of low strength RC concrete beams strengthened with post–tension metal strapping technique. The torsion that causes structural damage in reinforced concrete buildings may be a result of the load being focused at the center, or by an earthquake resulting in a structure twisting. The test consists of 4 reinforced concrete beam samples. The variable studies low strength concrete has the compressive strength (15 MPa), shear reinforcement ratio, with different spacings (50 and 100 mm), the distance of the fastening around the reinforcement by the pressed steel induction plate, test results that will be presented, torque failure in reinforced concrete beams and torsional angles, maximum failure and failure form, cracksand behavior, and behavior analysis of reinforced concrete beams.
ณัฐพร คันทะประดิษฐ์
Evaluation of Response Modification Factor of RC Shaft Support of Elevated Tank in Thailand
Nowadays, building structures are designed to resist earthquakes in Thailand based on the Seismic resistant building design standards (DPT 1301/1302-61). They determine the response modification factor, R, which is an essential variable in the design of various structural systems but not including the elevated tank structure, especially the reinforced concrete shaft support of elevated tank. There is only R value as a guideline for the analysis of buildings. For example, R values of the ordinary reinforced concrete shear wall equaled to 4. From the study, the R values of elevated tank from the standard construction in Thailand, both 300 cubic meters and 500 cubic meters, which is reinforced concrete shear wall system, were 6.46 and 6.27, respectively. These values are greater than R value that is recommended for reinforced concrete shear wall system in design standards.
3D Laser Scanning Data and Masonry Materials Properties of Wat Ratchabophit Sathitmahasimaram Ratchaworawihan
This research presents the application of the 3D Laser Scanning Technology for creating the 3D point cloud data of Wat Ratchabophit Sathitmahasimaram Ratchaworawihan. The terrestrial laser scanner is applied for three-dimensional data acquisition of the temple. The Scene software was applied to process the acquired data and developed the 3D point cloud model of Wat Ratchabophit. The current dimensions of the iconic Chedi, the ordination hall, the main assembly hall, and surrounding area inside the temple are carried out by using the particular software namely, Autodesk Recap and Autodesk Revit. The samples of masonry materials were collected from the major renovation project of Wat Ratchabophit for laboratory investigation. The main engineering properties of masonry materials including density, porosity, absorption, and compressive strength are also presented. The 3D point cloud data and engineering properties data obtained in this study can be used for structural health monitoring and long-term maintenance.
ณัฐนันท์ วงศ์อนันต์
วีรชาติ ตั้งจิรภัทร
Bond strengths between fly ash-based geopolymer or concrete and reinforcing steel
This research is part of a study the bonding strength between deformed steel bar and concrete. Several parameters are varied to compare between ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete and Class C fly-ash geopolymer concrete (GPC). These concretes are designed to have two different compressive strength, and each of them is cured at 28 days. The diameter of reinforcement is selected as 12, 16 and 20 mm with deformed type. From the study, it is found that the bond strength increase with increasing the compressive strength, while with decreasing the diameter of reinforcement, as expected. The bond strength of OPC embedded with smaller reinforcement is more sensitive to the increase of the curing time. However, its bond strength is significantly less sensitive to the compressive strength. The bond strength of GPC with higher design compressive strength is more sensitive to the increase of the curing time. However, its bond strength is significantly less sensitive to the diameter of reinforcement.
Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Slabs by External Post-Tensioning
This article presents strengthening method for the overloaded reinforced concrete slabs by using External Post-Tensioning (EPT) technique. The authors summarizes the guidelines for strengthening design, analyzing and evaluating structures, installation procedures for strengthening the slabs, and the expected results achieved after the strengthening has been completed. From the study, strengthened slabs by EPT can increase the bending moment capacity very well. It can reduce slab deflection by increasing the slab stiffness and reduce vibration by changing structural natural frequency.
ณัฐวุฒิ ธนศรีสถิต
Effect of Ground Motion Horizontal Definition in Seismic Analysis and RC Moment Frame Structures in Mandalay Region
Since Myanmar is one of the earthquake-prone zones in Southeast Asia, the seismic performance analysis is recommended in this region. Myanmar National Building Code, 2016which is adapted from ASCE 7-05 is stipulated to examine the analysis by the Federation of Myanmar Engineering Society (Fed. MES). The geometric mean of the two horizontal spectral accelerations is typically used by the earth scientists as the intensity measure for hazard analysis and early effort to account for the seismic design of the structure. Shortcoming of the geomean ground motion intensity definition, the maximum spectral acceleration of the two orthogonal components in any orientation is used in the recent ASCE 7-16 for structural design. In this study, the factors which are the ratio of maximum spectral acceleration (SaRotD100) to median spectral acceleration (SaRotD50) at discrete period is used to predict the maximum spectral acceleration over all orientations. The objective of the study is to analyze the effect of the two-horizontal definitionsin ground motion selection. The comparison of the regular and irregular shaped RC building structural responses is also explored with equivalent lateral force analysis (ELF), response spectrum analysis (RSA) and Linear response history analysis (LRHA). The final response results show the great potential in the performance-based design of the civil system.
Effect of Scaling Factor in Ground Motion Selection of Seismic Analysis and Design of RC Moment Frame Structures
Selection and Scaling of ground motion plays a major role in designing the structural analysis since the collected data will be applied as seismic load to the structure. Spectrum matching to a smooth target spectrum with the specific input parameters of the scenario; magnitude and source-to-site-distance are focused; is considered in the research. Target spectrum is selected by using the ASCE code guideline. The paper includes three analysis procedures (1) Equivalent lateral force, (2) Response spectrum analysis and; (3) Time history analysis; are applied to the structures which are multi-degree-of-freedom structures with different fundamental periods of vibrations. Seven sets of ground motion suites are collected based on different scale factor ranges from PEER-NGA website. Using scale factor more than limit 4, effect the lateral displacement demand of the structural analysis which lead to bias in some cases. This study indicated that using scale factor less than 1 tend to underestimate the structural response and more cracking than the limit 4 tend to overestimate the demand which is not convenient in practice.
Study Properties of Concrete Manufactured with Multi-Recycled Concrete Aggregate
This research aimed to reduce environmental problems caused by the fraction of waste concrete, by studying properties of concrete which mixed with recycled aggregate concrete (RCA) and concrete which mixed with repetitive recycled concrete aggregate (MRCA), including density testing, water absorption testing, compressive strength testing and the corrosion performance testing of reinforcing steel which used half-cell potential test, and comparing the results of the tests with the results of natural mixed concrete (NCA). The calculation of the mixture used RCA and MRCA replacement NCA in mixing ratios percentages 25, 50, 75, and 100 by volume, respectively. Compressive strength was designed at 240 kg/cm2. The experiment showed that when replacing 25% of RCA and MRCA, it has the highest density and compressive strength, and have highest water absorption when replaced by 100. The corrosion performance testing using half-cell potential test would have the slowest rust on reinforcement steel and highest half-cell electric potential which make concrete cracks at 17 days when replaced by 25. And it would have the highest rust on reinforcement steel and highest half-cell electric potential which make concrete cracks at 5 days when replaced by 100. The results revealed that the density and compressive strength would decrease as the replacement ratio of RCA and MRCA increases. The water absorption would increase with the increasing ratio of RCA and MRCA. And the rate of rusting of the reinforcement steel would increase with the increasing replacement ratio of RCA. This research aimed to reduce environmental problems caused by the fraction of waste concrete, by studying properties of concrete which mixed with recycled aggregate concrete (RCA) and concrete which mixed with repetitive recycled concrete aggregate (MRCA), including density testing, water absorption testing, compressive strength testing and the corrosion performance testing of reinforcing steel which used half-cell potential test, and comparing the results of the tests with the results of natural mixed concrete (NCA). The calculation of the mixture used RCA and MRCA replacement NCA in mixing ratios percentages 25, 50, 75, and 100 by volume, respectively. Compressive strength was designed at 240 kg/cm2. The experiment showed that when replacing 25% of RCA and MRCA, it has the highest density and compressive strength, and have highest water absorption when replaced by 100. The corrosion performance testing using half-cell potential test would have the slowest rust on reinforcement steel and highest half-cell electric potential which make concrete cracks at 17 days when replaced by 25. And it would have the highest rust on reinforcement steel and highest half-cell electric potential which make concrete cracks at 5 days when replaced by 100. The results revealed that the density and compressive strength would decrease as the replacement ratio of RCA and MRCA increases. The water absorption would increase with the increasing ratio of RCA and MRCA. And the rate of rusting of the reinforcement steel would increase with the increasing replacement ratio of RCA.
คณุตม์ สมบูรณ์ปัญญา
ชิษณุพงศ์ สุธัมมะ
Effects of Openings on Structural Behavior of Masonry Infilled RC Moment Resisting Frames
In this study, a finite element analysis was carried out to evaluate the in-plane structural behavior of the infilled RC moment-resisting frames. The influence of the opening configuration, size and position, were investigated. In addition, the adjacent column’s shear demand was evaluated as well. A 2D finite element based on a simplified-micro modeling approach was utilized. Statics non-linear analyses of the single-bay single-story infilled frame under horizontal monotonic loading and constant vertical loads were performed. The analytical results showed that a reduction in lateral resistance and stiffness of the infill wall depend on opening configuration, size and position. For the global behavior of the infilled frame, the effects of infill wall can be ignored when the opening ratio increase to approximately 40%-50%. In contrast, a significant influence on local behavior such as column’s shear demand was exhibited. Based on the analytical results, the equations for estimating lateral strength and stiffness reduction due to opening of the infill wall are proposed. An efficient method to investigate the additional shear demand on the adjacent columns due to infill wall-frame interaction is suggested as well.
กำลังดัดของคานคอนกรีตเสริมเหล็กที่ผสมเส้นใยเหล็กภายใต้สิ่งแวดล้อมคลอไรด์แบบวัฏจักรเปียกสลับแห้ง
This paper aims to study the flexural strength of reinforced concrete (RC) beam containing steel fiber under chloride environment with cyclic wetting and drying. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength of concrete containing steel fiber were also studied. Steel fiber was used at the content of 0.50% by volume of the concrete. The compressive strength and splitting tensile strength and were tested at the age of 28 days. The flexural strength test of the RC beam was done after the cyclic wetting and drying period of 2 years in the 5.0% of chloride solution. From the experimental results, it was found that the compressive strength of concrete containing steel fiber was similar to control concrete. The splitting tensile strength of concrete mixed with steel fiber was higher than that without steel fiber. The flexural strength of RC beam with steel fiber was higher than that without steel fiber. The flexural strength of RC beam exposed to chloride environment was lower than that exposed to the water.
ทวีชัย สำราญวานิช
Use of Water Supply Treatment sludge in Mortar Grount in joint of Precast concrete pavement Grouting
This research aims to study the effects of using water supply treatment sludge from the bangkhen water supply treatment plant was used to partially replace in Portland cement type I by weight for the joint of Precast concrete pavement mortar grouting due to bonding strength, bending and direct tension. The tested of concrete cube 15x15x15 cm., cylinder 15x30, beam 10x10x60 and I-shape were determined at age of 1, 3, 7 and 28 days. The results showed thatthe specific gravity of water supply excess sluge was lower than sand but the absorption was higher than sand. The compressive strength of water supply treatment sluge to replace Portland cement at the rate of 5 percent with water cement ratio as 0.35 was highest strength of mortar grouting. Bonding strength of mortar grount was higher than place steel bar while casting concrete at early ages. At the age of 28 day, bonding strength of mortar grount was lower than place steel bar while casting concrete. The direction tension was not effect by the age of sample.
จตุพล ตั้งปกาศิต
Dynamic Properties of a Spillway Radial Gate
This paper presents the dynamic properties of a spillway radial gate. Recently, the seismic safety evaluation of the dam itself seems to be insufficient because the damage or failure of dam relevant structures and their equipment could bring about the dam failure and cause disastrous losses to the cities located downstream. Hence, the seismic safety of the dam relevant structures and their relate equipment must be taken into account. This study focuses on a spillway radial gate since it plays an important role to a dam spillway. Besides, any damage of a spillway radial gate may cause severe losses owing to flash flood caused by the uncontrollable release of the reservoir water. In this study, the representative spillway radial gate is selected from the dam located in Northern Thailand. The nonlinear response history analysis of the spillway radial gate is performed using finite element analysis. For the input motions, the maximum considered Earthquake (MCE) were considered. The earthquake records were then selected followingThailand, Seismic design criteria in National Standard DPT1302-6. Therefore, the dynamic properties of a spillway radial gate is then presented along with the note on the seismic safety of a spillway radial gate.
ราชันย์ ขันทกสิกรรม
พุทธรักษ์ จรัสพันธุ์กุล
Survey on Carbonation Rate of Pedestrian Bridge Structures in Chonburi Community Area
This study was an investigation on the carbonation depth of pedestrian bridge structures in Chonburi community area. Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and relative humidity (RH) of the environment, and cover thickness, compressive strength and carbonation depth of concrete of pedestrian bridge structures were measured. In this study, the pedestrian bridge structures used 4 bridges in Chonburi community area. The study results were analyzed the occurrence on the carbonation depth of pedestrian bridge structures. The predict for free service life of pedestrian bridge structures in both by Fick's first law of diffusion equation and durability design of carbonation structure of Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning were considered. The results indicated that the pedestrian bridge structures had the average of the cover thickness and the average of the compressive strength as 31-44 mm and 307-367 kg/cm2, respectively. Besides, the average of the carbonation depth and the average of the carbonation coefficient of pedestrian bridge structures were 32-41 mm and 6.4-7.1 mm/year0.5, respectively. Finally, the proposed method to Fick's first law of diffusion equation and durability design of carbonation structure of Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning can predict and calculate the free service life of the pedestrian bridge structures exposed to CO2. The result can be used in the design, planning and maintenance of pedestrian bridge structures faced by the carbonation environment as well as preventing damage that will occur in the future.
นายสุพจน์ ธรรมนิทา
ปิติศานต์ กร้ำมาตร
High-Strength Concrete Containing High Volume Ground Palm Oil Fuel Ash
This research aims to study compressive strength and total shrinkage of high strength concrete containing high volume ground palm oil fuel ash. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) was ground by grinding machine until the particles retained on a sieve No. 325 of less than 1% by weight. Then, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was replaced by ground palm oil fuel ashes at the rates of 60, 70 and 80% by weight of binder. The total binder content of concrete was 560 kg/m3 and water to binder ratio was set as a constant of 0.25. Superplasticizer was used to control the slump of fresh concrete between 150 to 200 mm. Compressive strength of concrete was investigated at 7, 14 and 28 days, and modulus of elasticity of concrete was investigated at 28 days. The total shrinkage of concrete was determined at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The results indicated that the use of ground POFA to replace OPC at 70% by weight of binder gave compressive strength at 28 days of 69.2 MPa which was as high as that of CT concrete. The modulus of elasticity of high volume ground POFA concretes was related to its compressive strength, i.e. the modulus of elasticity of concrete was increased with the increased compressive strength of concrete. The total shrinkage of concrete was reduced when the cement replacement level by ground POFA increased.
เทพฤทธิ์ เจริญสุข
ชัย จาตุรพิทักษ์กุล
Earthquake Resistance of Non-Ductile Reinforce Concrete Building
This study emphasized to investigate the earthquake force resistance of non-ductile the reinforced concrete building constructed in Thailand. The 4-story RC building was adopted to evaluate the earthquake resistance capacity when it subjected to earthquake forces. A 4-story RC building is assumed to locate in three intensity levels of Thailand’s hazard area, surveillance zone, the first zone, and the second zone. The RC frame was modeled as a two-dimensional. The moment-rotation relationship consists of the yielding moment, capping moment, and capping rotation obtained in the plastic hinge model. The capacity curve indicated that the 4-story RC building remains elastic behavior when the earthquake force regarded as base shear subjected to the building not more than 10653-kilogram forces and it can resist the maximum base shear in an inelastic range around 17140-kilogram forces before the collapse. When the building subjected to the earthquake forces from three intensity levels of Thailand’s hazard area, the beam and column were severely damaged and the global behavior of the building beyond the level of collapse prevention means the building is collapse.
ชานนท์ กวางเจริญ
Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Column Confined with Prestressed Steel Straps
This article presents the experimental study on reinforced concrete (RC) column strengthened with prestressed steel straps. A total of five specimens is studied. A cross-section of all specimens is 150x150 millimeters. The height is 1.20 meters. The variable studied is the spacing of steel straps (150 and 75 millimeters). All columns are subjected to the compressive force without the eccentric load. The experimental data is recorded in terms of the load and deformation relationships, and mode of failure. Based on the experimental data, the reinforced concrete column strengthened with steel straps enhance the axial load by 30 to 33 percent and increases the ductility by 71 to 118 percent. The spacing of steel straps has no effect on the axial load but it affects the ductility when compared to the control specimen.
อิทธิพล พสิษฐ์โยธิน
สายันต์ ศิริมนตรี
Seismic Strengthening of Soft-Story RC Moment Frames
This study was conducted to compare seismic strengthening techniques for soft-story RC buildings and to retrofit actual buildings as a pilot case. Two methods were selected, a strengthening technique using Buckling Restrained Braces (BRBs) and a conventional method using concrete column jacketing. Two soft-story RC buildings located in northern Thailand having the same structural framing and details were strengthened using the two different approaches. Background works that formed the basis for the strengthening design concepts of these buildings are briefly presented. Nonlinear analyses are used to assess the performance of the two buildings and to compare their response with that of the un-retrofitted structure. The effectiveness of using passive energy dissipating devices such as BRBs in controlling the excessive soft story drift is discussed in comparison with that of using the concrete jacketing method. The differences and limitations of the two strengthening techniques are also discussed.
Critical Compression Load of Variable-Arc-Length Beam-Column Structure
This paper presents the critical compressive load of the variable-arc-length (VAL) beam-column structure. Variable arc-length (VAL) beam-column is one of the elastica structures where its tip can slip through the support due to loadings, which results in the alteration of the total arc-length. The governing equations of the beam-column structure are derived by considering the differential geometry relations in a plane curve of the beam-column segment and the equilibrium of force and moment. The set of governing equations yields the nonlinear first-order differential equations, which are categorized as two-points boundary value problem. The numerical solution can be solved by using the shooting optimization method. This numerical investigation attempts to study the effect of the lateral load, including the structure weight on the critical compression load for the first four buckling modes and the post-buckling behavior of VAL beam-column structure. The numerical results show that the increase in lateral load reduces the critical compressive load and causes to lose its stability.
ธนภัทร วัฒนาบุญศิริ
Crack closing performance of self-healing mortar using microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation bacterial spores
The aim of this study is to investigate the crack closing performance of self-healing mortar containing microcapsule of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) bacterial spores. The bacterial spores are encapsulated by sodium alginate to protect the bacterial spores under the severe conditions of mortar mixing. The amounts of microcapsule were varied at 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% by cement weight. The results showed that the use of microcapsules increased the healing ratio of mortar. The crack of specimen containing 1.0% of microcapsules was completely healed within 7 days. The effect of microcapsule dosages on the compressive strength of mortar was also investigated at 28 days. It was found that the microcapsule content slightly influences on the compressive strength of mortar. On the other hand, the compressive strength of mortar remarkably decreased when the bacterial nutrients were added in the mortar.
วนาลี ภานุพรประพงศ์
พิชชา จองวิวัฒสกุล
วิบูลย์ลักษณ์ พึ่งรัศมี
สุเชษฐ์ ลิขิตเลอสรวง
Analytical investigation on bond behavior between concrete and FRP bars of near-surface mounted and embedded through-section strengthening methods
The strengthening techniques are to enhance the performance of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This research aims to investigate the bond behavior between fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars and concrete interfaces of near-surface mounted (NSM) strengthening method and the embedded through-section (ETS) strengthening technique. Bond models for two strengthening methods are developed considering various crucial parameters. The effects of concrete compressive strength, embedment length, and modulus of elasticity of FRP bars on the bond responses between two retrofitting methods are analytically investigated to interpret the results through bond models.
Mechanical Properties of Substitution Bricks for Thai Historical Building Preservation
The purpose of this study is to identify the mechanical properties of the substitution bricks used for Thai historical structures preservation. The mechanical properties of bricks, such as strength, density and porosity were investigated in the laboratory. The compressive strength of brick in flatwise position and the brick cube were presented. The relationship between the compressive strength of brick and density in both flatwise position and in cubic shape were illustrated. The effect of brick shape and size on the compressive strength were evaluated. The compressive strength of the brick prisms were also investigated in comparison with the compressive strength of bricks. The results show that dry density and porosity of the substitution brick are in the range of 1.28 g/cm3 - 1.63 g/cm3 and 30.15 % - 35.14 %, respectively. The compressive strength of brick in the flatwise position is higher than the brick cube. The experimental results also show that the compressive strength of brick depends on the density. Finally, the approximate equations for predicting the compressive strength of brick prism were derived in terms of density and compressive strength of brick.
สุนัย โตศิริมงคล
A Study of Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Mortar with Banana Peel Charcoal
Geopolymer is a new alternative material for construction that does not contain cement and produces very little CO2. Geopolymer was caused by the reaction of geopolymerization of high concentrations of alkali substances and oxides of silicon and aluminum that can transformed into a strong structural material. Therefore it is an alternative material that can be used to replace cement. When mixed with charcoal powder of banana peel which is waste in agricultural products form banana plants. This study is mixing with geopolymer with charcoal powder banana peel at 0, 5, 10, and 15% by weight for testing a mechanical properties. We used a ratio for fly ash 50% and the mixed with solution 1 part sodium silicate and 1 part of 12 molar sodium hydroxide into 50% by total weight. Last process, we mixed geopolymer part with river sand that passing through sieve no.16 in ratio of geopolymer 1 part per river sand 2 part by weight. Also we were tested the mechanical properties and testing both powder with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDS). We found that charcoal powder banana peel mixed with geopolymer can improved the efficiency of compression and flexural strength and water absorption in an appropriate ratio.
ภาคภูมิ มงคลสังข์
Physical properties of lightweight fired clay made from diatomite Earth mixed with foam
This article report was study of the physical properties of lightweight fired clay made from diatomaceous Earth mixed with foamed in the amount of 5 – 20 % w/w of dry soil. The lightweight fired clay has been burnt at 800 °C for 12 hours. The compressive strength, water absorption, dry unit-weight and microstructure were tested. The results founded that the dry unit-weight of lightweight fired clay was between 510 - 1100 kg/m3 which decreased with increasing foam content. The compressive strength of lightweight fired clay decreases with the decreased of unit-weight level. The compressive strength were between of 20 - 50 kg/cm2. Which the compressive strength are similar to that of ordinary construction fired clay bricks. The water absorption increased with the decrease of the unit-weight level. The water absorption were between of 29 – 47 %, which are higher than the ordinary construction fired clay bricks. However, the main objective of this research is to use diatomite Earth as a material for the production of lightweight fired clay bricks, but strong and to enhance the quality of the fired clay bricks to be more competitive in the market.
Compressive, Shear Strength and Workability of Geopolymer Concrete Containing Recycle Asphaltic Concrete Aggregate for Repair Materials
This research, the compressive, shear strength and workability of geopolymer concrete containing recycle asphaltic concrete for repair material were studied. The concrete were made from fly ash that from Mae Moh power station in Lampang province, Thailand, sodium silicate (NS), sodium hydroxide (NH) 10 molars, ratio of NS:NH is 1:1, river sand, natural rock, recycle asphaltic concrete aggregate (RACA) was classified as coarse aggregate (4.75 – 19.0 mm.) and fine aggregate (1.18 – 4.75 mm.), mix coarse aggregate : fine aggregate ratio of 1:3. And use RACA to replace natural rock at 20 and 40% by weight of natural rock. And improve the properties of geopolymer concrete by replace fly ash with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 10% by weight of fly ash. Cure at room temperature until 28 days. The compressive, shear strength, density and flow were tested. The results of compressive strength between 313 and 432 kg/cm2, shear strength between 93 and 139 kg/cm2, density between 2,283 and 2,356 kg/m3 and flow between 69 and 75 cm. were obtained. And the results showed that can be used geopolymer concrete containing recycle asphaltic concrete aggregate as concrete structure. In addition, flow is appropriate to be used as a repair material.
ภูริเดช โคตะนิวงษ์
ปริญญา จินดาประเสริฐ
Interlocking blocks products from granite dust mixed with waste vinyl signs
The objective of this research is to study the possibility of using waste vinyl as an ingredient to produce interlocking block products by using the ratio of Portland cement type I to granite dust at the ratio of 1: 3. In addition, we increased more the amount of waste vinyl in a mixing ratio of 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 by weight of composites respectively. The research found that the amount of waste vinyl at the ratio of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 by weight of the composites with the average compressive strength 66.51, 52.19, 47.22 and 38.03 kilograms / square at ages of 28 days, respectively that passed the community product standard (602/2547) of Ministry of Industry and these interlocking blocks were classified as non-load bearing type. Increasing amount of waste vinyl in the components lead to reduce a compressive strength, density and increase water absorption, but it is useful to insulation. This is another way to reduce the wastes and residues in the environment.
ขวัญชัย พิมเพราะ
อภิสิทธิ์ เกษมจิต
อนุวัช แสงจันทร์
Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete Using River Gravel as Coarse Aggregate
Concrete is a material with low tensile strength and bending strength compared to the compressive strength. In addition, the use of natural river gravel as a mixture of coarse aggregates resulting in lowering the tensile strength. One method to strengthen the tensile strength is the use of synthetic fiber reinforced concrete. This research uses 3 types of synthetic fibers which are glass fibers, polypropylene fibers and polyester fibers. The fibers are added to the concrete at the ratio of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 percent by weight of cement. Two types of coarse aggregates, which are rock from the mountain and natural river gravel are tested. The results found that the slump decreases 50-57 percent as the fiber content increases. The compressive strength increases slightly. The tensile strength increases up to 42 percent with the increase of the amount of the fiber used. The increase in ductility is clearly observed with the increase of amount of the synthetic fibers.
High–strength cellular lightweight concrete made from expanded perlite
This paper reports on the physical properties of high-strength cellular lightweight concrete, made from expanded perlite mixed with PRE-FORMED FOAM. Dry density of cellular lightweight concrete about 800 kg/m3, steam curing at age of 1 day in the temperature controlled room at 60 ° C, 80 ° C, and 100 ° C, relative humidity 80±5%, and pressure 2±1 kg/cm2 for 12 h. The properties of compressive strength, water absorption, dry density and microstructure were tested. The results founded that the compressive strength are between 22 - 48 kg/cm2, which has higher compressive strength as the steam curing temperature increases. The water absorption are between 31 – 44 %, which decreases with increasing steam curing temperature.
Development of high modulus concrete for special rigid structures
This research objective is to develop high elastic modulus concrete over existing high strength concrete in order to apply to the structures those required special high rigidity or stiffness such as pier columns of high-speed rail projects and slender tall buildings to reduce the displacements under loadings. To increase the elastic modulus, high strength concrete can be adopted, however it is found to be ineffectiveness due to its high cost. In this research, the coarse aggregates using basalt rocks having size between 9.5 - 25 mm and EAF slag having size between 9.5 - 19 mm are used instead of conventional limestone aggregates. Both basalt aggregate and EAF slag exhibit better mechanical properties than limestone aggregate. The study considers two sources of basalt rock produced from different crushing plant in Northeastern of Thailand and EAF slag produced from steel manufactures in Eastern of Thailand. Based on appropriate mix design, the compressive strength as well as elastic modulus of the developed concrete specimen are tested at 14 and 28 days. The obtained results are compared with normal concrete specimen using limestone as coarse aggregate. It is found that the proposed concrete using EAF slag can significantly enhanced the elastic modulus with more cost effective than conventional high strength concrete.
Effect of Replacement of Fine Aggregate with HDPE Recycled Plastic Particles on Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete
This is study aims to investigate the effect of the replacement of fine aggregate with HDPE recycled plastic on fresh properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC). Four levels of HDPE recycled plastic were replaced (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) by weight of fine aggregate, by using water-cement (W/C) ratio at 0.4 including 660 kg/m3 and 560 kg/m3 of cement. The deformation test using slump flow, segregation test using V-funnel, and ability of passing though steel bar using L-box and J-ring were conducted. It was found that the slump flow values of 5% of replacement increased and higher than that of the control about 4-6 percent. Whereas the exceed 5% of replacement was produced, the reducing of slump flow values were occurred by 15-30 percent comparing with the controls. Segregation of all mixes presented exceedingly values of typical requirements for SCC and varied by the increasing of replacement. These indicated that all mixes of this study had very thick viscosity and consequently segregated when pouring. For the ability of passing though steel bars of L-box and J-ring test, the mixes with 660 kg/m3 showed an unidentified trend. Further, the mixes with 560 kg/m3 presented the remarkable decreasing trend. The mixes with exceed 5% of replacement were observed with 67-76 percent reducing compared to the controls. The five percent replacement of fine aggregate with HDPE recycled plastic seem to have acceptable values of slump flow and ability of passing through obstruction of L-box and J-ring according to the requirements of ASTM and EFNARC.
Interfacial transition zone between geopolymer paste and several fine aggregates
It is now known that the adhesion between geopolymer paste and the surface of aggregates, whether the adhesion between the paste and the fine or coarse aggregate is important and affects the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar or geopolymer concrete. In this test, the adhesion ability of geopolymer paste with total adhesion characteristics between geopolymer paste and different types of fine aggregates fragments, including river sand, recycled concrete, crushed limestone and crushed container glass by investigated the joints between geopolymer paste and fine aggregates surfaces using Scanning Electron Micro Scope. From the investigation, it was found that geopolymer mortar with river sand as the mixture, providing the highest compressive strength. Because the adhesion between the fine aggregate and geopolymer paste is dense, which is consistent with the results of scanning electron microscopy.
สิทธิศักดิ์ อันทะผาลา
A Study of Water Permeability on Porous Concrete Using Recycled Coarse Aggregates
This paper presents the study of the leftover concrete for recycling by being an ingredient in the porous concrete instead of natural mineral aggregate tested in physical and mechanical properties by subdividing the leftover concrete and grading to 3 sizes; the rock which was left on a sieve 1/2 inches, 3/8 inches and number 4. The ingredient which was suitable for compressive strength and the water permeability of the porous concrete was determined by using cement paste 10, 15 and 20 percent capacity and the water cement ratio (W/C Ratio) of 0.30 was used for making an example cylindrical block with a diameter of 10 x 20 centimeter. The results showed that the compressive strength of recycled porous concrete depends on the stone size and the amount of cement paste. The recycled porous concrete will have compressive strength in the range of 23-95 kg/square cm. It is the result of the gaps in the coarse aggregate of rocks of the same size, including the old paste and mortar. Therefore, it has to require a large amount of coated cement paste and increased water absorption but there is a gap between the good cavity ratio in the range of 25 - 37 percent. As a result in a large value of water permeability the recycled coarse aggregate size 1/2 inch, which has the highest value equal to 0.989 cm/s, with the same amount of cement paste.
STUDY OF FLEXTURAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYPROPYLENE SYNTHETIC FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
Polypropylene synthetic fiber reinforced concrete has higher flexural strength than ordinary concrete. Because fibers in matrix hold the concrete together while flexural stress makes a crack happened until the fiber was pulled out or was broken off, it helps fiber reinforced concrete improved ductility. This article shows a result of the study about flexural behavior of polypropylene synthetic fiber reinforced concrete beam, that made from fiber with 45-58mm. length, embossed surface and has tensile strength about 520 and 600MPa. It was added to slab and pavement concrete construction with 280 and 320ksc of compressive strength at 28 days of cube specimen like concrete in general construction and design works. By using amount of fiber in 0, 2 and 3 kg. for one cubic meter of concrete and test concrete notch beam according to EN14651 with 3 points flexural strength testing. The result found that polypropylene synthetic reinforced concrete can resist higher load of testing after crack was occurred by 100% of load and was increased for 2kg of fiber adding, 131% of load was increased for 3kg of fiber adding. In the other hand, ordinary concrete beam cannot increase a load of testing and cannot resist loading after crack was occurred. This study shows polypropylene synthetic fiber adding in concrete offer higher ductility of concrete and higher portion of polypropylene synthetic fiber in concrete can increase ductility of concrete too. But quality control of fiber reinforced concrete construction is highly important because if the fibers are not distributed across the section, the strength of the concrete will not be as expected.
สิริพงศ์ เกิดบุญมา
อาณสิทธิ์ การินทอง
นิติพงษ์ ประภาพันธ์กุล
Chloride Resistance and Compressive Strength of Concrete Containing Synthetic Zeolite
This paper aims to study the chloride resistance and compressive strength of concrete containing synthetic zeolite. In this paper, Portland cement type I and synthetic zeolite were used as cementitious materials. The synthetic zeolite to binder ratios were kept at 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.10. Water to binder ratios were kept at 0.50 and 0.60. The rapid chloride penetration and compressive strength of concrete were performed at 7, 28, 56 and 91 days of curing time. From the experimental results, it was seen that concretes with synthetic zeolite had better chloride resistance than cement-only concrete at all water to binder ratios. Concrete with synthetic zeolite to binder ratio of 0.03 had the best chloride resistance. But, concretes with synthetic zeolite had lower compressive strength than cement-only concrete.
อัญชนา กิจจานนท์
ธิดาพร เชื้อสวัสดิ์
Effect of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Chloride Threshold of Concrete
This paper aims to study the effect of temperature and relative humidity in environment on threshold chloride content of concrete. The temperature of environment at 30°C and 50°C and the relative humidity of environment at 30% and 90% were studied. In this study, fly ash to binder ratios were kept at 0.20 and 0.40. Silica fume to binder ratio of 0.075 was used. Water to binder ratio of 0.50 was used for all mixes. From the experimental results, at constant relative humidity of 90%, concrete exposed to 30°C of temperature had longer depassivation time than concrete exposed to 50°C of temperature, but had lower threshold chloride content. At constant temperature of 50°C, concrete exposed to 30% of relative humidity had longer depassivation time than concrete exposed to 90% of relative humidity, but also had lower threshold chloride content. When steel corrosion index (CRIDT) was considered, concrete exposed to low temperature environment had higher CRIDT than concrete exposed to high temperature environment. Concrete exposed to low relative humidity environment had also higher CRIDT than concrete exposed to high relative humidity. Concrete containing fly ash with the replacement of 40% had the highest CRIDT. Concrete containing silica fume had higher CRIDT than cement-only concrete.
Effect of Silica fume on Chloride Penetration Resistance of Concrete
This research aims to study the chloride penetration resistance and compressive strength of concrete containing silica fume. The binder content in concrete was replaced by silica fume at 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 15% by weight of binder. The water to binder ratios were used at 0.40 and 0.50. The rapid chloride penetrations of concrete were determined at 7, 28 and 91 days of water curing. The compressive strengths of concrete were tested at 7, 14, 28, 56 and 91 days of water curing. From the experimental results, it was found that the use of silica fume to replace binder content in concrete resulted in increasing the chloride penetration resistance and compressive strength of concrete. Concrete with 15% silica fume replacement had the highest chloride penetration resistance and compressive strength. Moreover, concretes containing silica fume at lower water to binder ratio had higher chloride penetration resistance and compressive strength than that at higher water to binder ratio.
Compressive Strength and Water Permeability of Concrete Mixed with Steel Fiber
This research aims to investigate the compressive strength and water permeability of concrete containing steel fiber (SF). The cement concrete with the water to binder ratios (w/b) of 0.50 and 0.60 were used in this study. The SF was added in concrete at the contents of 0.5% and 1.0% by volume of concrete. The compressive strength and the water permeability of concrete were tested at the ages of 7 and 28 days of water curing. From experimental results, it was found that the utilization of 0.5%of SF content resulted in the highest compressive strength and the lowest water permeability for both concretes with the w/b of 0.50 and 0.60. But, when SF content was increased more than 0.5, the compressive strength decreased and water permeability increased. It was because a large amount of SF may induce the voids between fiber and concrete, leading to higher porosity and water permeability and lower compressive strength.
Threshold total chloride content and depassivation time of embedded steel of concrete containing ground granulated blast-furnace slag
This research aims to study the effect of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) on the threshold total chloride content and depassivation time of embedded steel of concrete. GGBFS was used as partial binder replacement at the amount of 30%, 40%, 50% and 70% by weight of binder. The water to binder ratio (w/b) was kept at 0.50. The 2-cm covering depth of the embedded steel was used. The experimental results indicated that the value of threshold total chloride content and depassivation time of concrete with GGBFS was higher than that of cement concrete. The threshold total chloride content decreased, but the depassivation time of concrete increased when increasing in the cement replacement by GGBFS. The threshold total chloride content of concrete with 30% of GGBFS was the highest, while the depassivation time of steel in concrete with 40% of GGBFS was the longest. However, the compressive strength of GGBFS concrete at 28 days was lower than cement concrete. The increase of GGBFS content resulted in the decrease of compressive strength.
Development of Cellular Lightweight Concrete on Sugar Industrial Waste
The objectives of this research were to study and develop cellular lightweight concrete as well as to determine the compressive strength and density by replacing cement with bagasse ash and lime mud in order to use lightweight concrete developed from bagasse ash and lime mud in construction works. The research was conducted by using the equivalence with TIS. B.E. 2601-2556, Quality Class C9, which has compressive strength greater than 25.5 kg/cm³ and density of 801-900 kg/m³. The calculation of the mixture of bagasse ash and lime mud was based on the prototype formula at the mixture ratio of cement/sand at 1.00: 1.00 and water/cement (W/C) at 0.50: 1.00 with the most approximate density and compressive strength to TIS. B.E. 2601-2556, Quality Class C9 in the incubation periods of 7, 14 and 28 days, by replacing with bagasse ash and lime mud at 5-35% in the mixture ratio of cement. From the experiment results, it was found that the replacement with bagasse ash would have the highest density when replaced by 20% and the highest compressive strength when replaced by 15%. And the replacement with lime mud would have the highest density when replaced by 30% and the highest compressive strength when replaced by 5%. When the values obtained were compared with TIS. B.E. 2601-2556, Quality Class C9, it was found that bagasse ash could not replace cement. Also, the lightweight concrete that was replaced with bagasse ash and lime mud could still not be equivalent to other products available in the market. However, lime mud could replace cement and be used for real construction works, which could be considered as the application of industrial leftovers to maximize benefits.
ภานุวัฒน์ โสภณวาณิชย์
ยิ่งใหญ่ มาลัยเจริญ
Effect of Addition of Free Lime in Fly Ash on Chloride Binding Capacity of Paste with Fly Ash and Limestone Powder
The aim of this research was to study the effect of free lime (fCaO) in the fly ash on chloride binding capacity of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) paste replaced by fly ash and limestone powder. The original fly ash added fCaO in order to the fly ash having different amounts of fCaO. The results showed that the total chloride content of paste of OPC replaced with 10% limestone powder was less, while the chloride binding capacity was higher when compared with OPC paste. Besides, paste replacing OPC with 30% fly ash showed the total chloride content and the fixed chloride ratio were similar to that of OPC paste. In addition, paste that replaced OPC with 20% fly ash together with 10% limestone powder gave the total chloride content close to, but the fixed chloride ratio was less tendency when compared with OPC paste. Finally, the different amounts of fCaO in fly ash did not affect the total chloride content and the chloride binding capacity of the pastes.
พร้อมพงศ์ ฉลาดธัญญกิจ
สมนึก ตั้งเติมศิริกุล
Mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete containing fine recycled granite aggregates.
The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete containing fine recycled aggregates. Granite industry waste was used to replace natural sand at dosage levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% by mass of fine aggregate. The results were compared with the control concrete made with fine natural aggregates. The results showed that the use of recycled granite aggregates increased the 7-day compressive strength of concrete. The flexural strength increased with the increase in granite aggregate content. In addition, geopolymer concrete containing 50% granite aggregate showed the highest toughness value.
กานต์ธิปก ฮามคำไพ
Preliminary Feasibility of Utilizing Clay Brick Debris as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate and Portland Cement in Concrete Works
The purpose of paper is to consider the preliminary feasibility of utilizing clay brick debris as partial substitution of fine aggregate and portland cement. The ground clay brick debris which almost same size distribution as that of sand used as partial fine aggregate. Meanwhile, fine ground clay brick which pass through sieve no.325 is subject to be a partial substituted cementitious material. It was found the 25 percent of sand substitution yielded the higher compressive strength of concrete than that of the control samples since 7 days curing period. The investigation in partial replacement for cement show that 20 percent of ground clay brick substitution speeded up compressive strength equivalent to that of 28 days of the control mortar within 24 hrs. of autoclave conditions. This is probably due to the chemical reaction between crystalline silica of ground clay brick and calcium hydroxide generated from cement hydration under high pressure steam curing leading to increasing in cementitious products.
Study of Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Mortar by Compression Molding Method by Replacing Sand with Stone Dust and Reinforced with Palm Oil Fibers
This research applied a compression molding process to produce a mortar, in which a replacement of sand with limestone dust (at 60 and 100% by mass of sand) and a reinforcement of oil palm fiber (at 2, 4, and 6% by volume fraction) are incorporated. The effect of the dust and the fiber on the compressive and flexural strength of the mortar was then investigated. For compressive strength testing, the 10.16-cm diameter and 11.68-cm high mortar cylinder was employed. For flexural strength testing, the specimen was 10 × 10 × 35 cm mortar beam. Both test were conducted after 28 days of curing. The results showed that, in case of no fiber, the 60 percent replacement of sand by stone dust achieves the highest compressive strength. When the fiber was added, the compressive strength was decreased. However, the fiber inclusion greatly enhances the flexural performance such as residual flexural strength and flexural toughness.
มาโนช สรรพกิจทิพากร
Utilization of By-product Material of The Feldspar Mineral Dressing Process as Alternative Soil-Aggregate Subbase
This research attempted to study the feasibility of the utilization of by-product material of the feldspar mineral dressing process (BF). Which were used for alternative soil-aggregate subbase. Lateritic soil (S) was mixed with by-product material from the feldspar mineral dressing process (BF). The influences of BF content (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%. By weight of dry soil) Then, the characterization of each proportion was done by using several tests according to the Thailand Department of Highways standard for soil-aggregate subbase. Based on the experimental results, the characterization of each proportion was past the criteria. Except, the proportion of 100% BF. Meanwhile, CBR values were decreased when mixed with 10%-40% BF but increased when blended with 50%-90% BF. The proper proportion of 80% BF contents carried out the highest CBR (81%) was recommended to use in soil-aggregate subbase.
พิชชาภรณ์ พัฒนศุภสุนทร
Sustainability Indicators Review of Hemp Shiv as Alternative Materials for the Construction Industry in Thailand
Currently hemp is promoted worldwide for its many uses, however, in Thailand it is still limited and in the trial period. All parts of hemp can be utilized; the flowers, leaves and roots are used for medicinal and treatment purposes, food supplement, vitamins, etc. The stalk fibers are used in the fabric industry and are being researched for applications in the energy and other high-tech industries. The leftover stalk or hemp shiv is used as wood replacement or applied in the construction industry in various forms in countries where hemp is grown and used in the industrial scale but in Thailand they are still left as unmanaged or invaluable waste. Hemp shiv possesses characteristics of desirable construction materials in hempcrete and hemp concrete blocks replacing coarse aggregates. There are many researches on its abilities as wall materials showing that they have the potential of being used as non-load baring walls. However, the amount of hemp shiv required to sustain production will require land use change from edible to non-edible economic crop. This is very risky and the result may increase the vulnerability to the effects of Climate Change. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the sustainability of hemp shiv as alternative materials for the construction industry in Thailand based on sustainability indicators on environment, social and economic impacts of industrial hemp and CO2 offset for using hemp as coarse aggregates and also to explore the economic feasibility and increased potential for upcycling hemp waste as construction products.
Compressive Strength, Elastic Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio of Rapid Hardening Concrete
This article aims to study the compressive strength, elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of rapid hardening concrete made from high-calcium fly ash incorporated with clay residue (CR) and silica fume (SF). The FA:CR:SF ratios were 100:0:0, 90:10:0, 90:5:5, 80:20:0, 80:15:5, 80:10:10, 70:30:0, 70:25:5, 70:20:10 and 70:15:15, respectively. Sodium silicate solution with 10 molar sodium hydroxide solution were used as alkaline solutions in the mixture. The setting time, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and Poisson’s ratio of rapid hardening concrete were investigated. Test results found that the usage of CR to replace FA for manufacturing rapid hardening concrete could delay its setting time. The compressive strength and elastic modulus of FA rapid hardening concrete tended to decrease with an increase in both CR and SF. It can be concluded that rapid hardening concrete made from FA with 10%CR was a marginal increase compared to the control mix.
รุ่งโรจน์ อยู่รอด
นราศักดิ์ แสนกล้า
กริชฌากรณ์ มูลเสนา
ณัฐพงศ์ ดำรงวิริยะนุภาพ
Comparative Study using FGD-Gypsum and Calcium Sulfate on Mechanical Properties and Drying Shrinkage of Alkali-Activated High-Calcium Fly Ash Mortar
This research presents the comparative study using FGD gypsum (FGD) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4) on mechanical properties and drying shrinkage of alkali-activated high-calcium fly ash (FA) mortar. FA was replaced by FGD and Ca2SO4 at the rates of 5.0% and 2.5% by weight of binder, respectively. This ratio of FDG and Ca2SO4 was based on the previous study in term of low drying shrinkage of alkali-activated high-calcium FA paste. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution and 10M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were used as liquid alkaline activation in all mixtures. Test results found that the use of FGD and Ca2SO4 to replace FA resulted in decreasing of setting time whereas its strength development improved. However, at the later stage, the compressive and flexural strengths of alkali-activated high-calcium FA with Ca2SO4 decreased. The use of FGD and Ca2SO4 in alkali-activated high-calcium FA mortar decreased its drying shrinkage, in which comparison with the control mix.
สกลวรรณ ห่านจิตสุวรรณ์
บวรรัก อินทร์จอหอ
ชุดาภัค เดชพันธ์
Fundamental Study of Alkali-Activated Powder
This paper presents development of alkali-activated powder for use as binder in construction work. The precursor was consisted of fly ash and ordinary Portland cement for the production of geopolymer paste. The replacements of fly ash by ordinary Portland cement were 0, 10, 20 and 30 by weight of binder. The NaOH concentration of 10 molar and sodium silicate solution were used as alkaline activator. The liquid to binder ratio of 0.4 and 0.5, sodium silicate to NaOH solution of 1.0 and 2.0 were used as for all mixes and curing at 25 and 60 degrees Celsius. Geopoly paste that has been thoroughly grinded, called alkali powder, for use as binder in construction work. In which the binder in construction consists of alkali-activated powder, Portland cement and silica fume. The replacements of alkali-activated powder by ordinary Portland cement and silica fume were 40 and 10 by weight of binder respectively. The NaOH concentration of 2 molar and water. The water to binder ratio of 0.45, were used as for all mixes and curing at room temperature. The compressive strength results of hardened geopolymer paste were increased with increase ordinary Portland cement replacement. And the results of testing the alkali-activated powder setting time showed that, when the amount of ordinary Portland cement in geopolymer paste increased, faster alkali-activated powder setting time. And when the incubation temperature of the geopolymer paste increased, the setting time of the alkali-activated powder slows down. The above information can be used as basic information in development of alkali-activated powder for use as binder in construction work.
Workability and Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Mortar Made From High-Calcium Fly Ash Containing Cement and Palm Oil Fuel Ash
This article aims to study the workability and compressive strength of geopolymer mortar made from high-calcium fly ash containing cement and palm oil fuel ash. Fly ash was replaced with PC at the rate of 0, 20 and 20% by weight of binder, and Fly ash was replaced with POFA at the rate of 0, 0 and 40% by weight of binder. And Use a waterproofing as an added mixture at the rate of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% by weight of binder. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and 10 molar sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions were used as the alkaline solution in the reaction. The Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 1.0 and sand/binder ratio of 0.5and 1.0 and the curing at ambient temperature were used for all of mixtures. The results found that the level replacement of PC increase showed the compressive strength of geopolymer tended to increased. And Fly ash was replaced with Palm oil fuel ash POFA increase showed the setting time of geopolymer tended to increased.
ปัทมาวดี แก้วระวัง
Geopolymer pavement block from fly ash and palm oil fuel ash
This research aims to produce a geopolymer pavement block from fly ash and palm oil fuel ash. The quality of oil palm fuel ash was improved by controlling grinding at 15 minutes. Fly ash to palm oil fuel ash ratio at 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60 by weight were used in this research. 14 molar of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used to be alkali solution. The compressive strength was investigated at 7, 14, 28 and 60 days. The mixture which given the compressive strength in the range of 20 - 40 kg / cm2 and contained the most amount of palm oil fuel ash was chosen to produce a geopolymer pavement block. They were prepared with a binder to aggregates ratio of 1:3, 1:5, and 1:7 and with compressed in mold with size of 30x30x5 cm. Compressive strength and The water absorption value of geopolymer pavement blocks were tested at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that palm oil fuel ash can replace 50% of fly ash with providing the compressive strength at 7 days of 21 ksc. The properties of geopolymer pavement block found that the ratio of binder to dust stone was 1: 5 provided the highest compressive strength of 273 and 438 ksc at the age of 7 and 28 days respectively and the lowest water absorption of 11.7 percent at the age of 28 days was found in this mixture.
เกียรติสุดา สมนา
Investigation on Strength and Shrinkage of Eco-Friendly Concrete Containing Recycled Aggregate and Using Ground Bottom Ash and Calcium Carbide Residue Mixture as a Blinder
The objectives of this research are to study the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and shrinkage of concrete using ground bottom ash (GBA) mixed with ground calcium carbide residue (GCR) as a binder and containing recycled concrete aggregate as coarse aggregate. A ratio of GBA to GCR was 70:30 by weight. A binder content of concrete was 550 kg/m3 and water to binder ratio (w/b) was 0.30. Sodium hydroxide was used as a strength accelerator at rates of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 3% by weight of binder. The results were found that the recycled aggregate concrete made with GBA-GCR mixture (CBN) had lower compressive strength than that of conventional concrete (CT). However, the compressive strength at 28 days of concrete made with GBA-GCR mixture as a binder and containing recycled aggregate and activated by 1% NaOH (CB1N) was 3.48 MPa which was the same as that of CT concrete. Moreover, the modulus of elasticity of concrete made with GBA-GCR mixture and coarse recycled concrete aggregate was lower than CT concrete. In addition, the use of GBA-GCR mixture as a binder could also reduce the shrinkage of concrete as compared with the CT concrete.
ปิ่นพงศ์ กันหาลา
Hand-on Experiences on Criteria for ABET and AUN-QA Accreditation
Thai government by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI) and Council of Engineer of Thailand has policy to adapt and adopt ABET accreditation to bring Thai Engineering curriculums to international standard. MHESI has signed MOU under a project to drive Thai Higher Education Institutes to be accredited by ABET within 2022. The School of Civil Engineering at Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology has participated in this MOU. In the past three academic year, the School has assessed the internal quality assurance in accordance with AUN-QA, TABEE and ABET. For the ABET, the ABET experts from the USA have mock-up visited for 2 times. Based upon the gained experiences, the objectives of this paper is to present the comparison of criteria for ABET and AUN-QA accreditation in order to exchange the knowledge of applying the criteria for the curriculum’s continuous improvement and ABET accreditation in the near future.
Graduate Scholarship Supportive Policies Influencing Curriculum Management of Master Program in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (International Program), Mahidol University
Graduate scholarship supportive policies is one of the program management strategies that helps the graduate program analyze and create the strategic plan in the curriculum management more efficiently. Supporting scholarship to students has attracted their study interest and has increased the number of students in the admission process each year. In addition, it has brought the best-qualified students with high academic performance to study in the program. It leads to this study that aims to examine the strength of providing scholarship and its relation to the number of students and graduation periods. This study collected sample data of 76 Thai and foreign students enrolled during academic year 2010-2018 in master program in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (International Program) from the database system provided by the Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University. Number of students and gradation periods with scholarship and without scholarship were then analyzed. Two main types of scholarship; (1) Norwaygian Government Scholarship Program : Capacity Building for Institute in Myanmar (CBIM) and (2) Mahidol University Postgraduate Scholarship (MUPostGrad) were considered and referred in this study. The results show that providing CBIM scholarship is not correlated with an increase in number of students admitted due to the limits of the number of scholarship and only providing for Myanmar students. However, providing MUPostGrad scholarship strongly influences the increasing number of students admitted during 2017-2019 of 2.46 times. This is because the criteria in supporting scholarship to applicants is mainly based upon their qualifications. Moreover, the result indicates that graduation periods taken by masters graduates who receive 2 types of scholarship; are shorter. The graduates who get support from CBIM scholarship spend 2-2.5 years to complete program study and take 2.5-3.0 years for the graduates who receive MUPostGrad scholarship.
สุลินดา นวลประสงค์
Assessment of Engineering Training for Civil Engineering Students: Producer and Consumer’s Perspectives
Engineering training is a mandatory course in civil engineering curriculum for all Thai universities. All civil engineering graduates must pass this process in order to complete the degree. Engineering training is aimed to expose students to real working condition in order to prepare them to be the future civil engineer. All individual universities put high effort to control the quality of each step in the engineering training including selection of training places, supervision, and assessment. This article analyzed the assessment from the perspectives of producer (university) and consumer (industry) by using the 2561 B.E. engineering training database of 67 records. The data shows that the producer used 9 criteria, 6 points each, total of 54 points to assess the engineering training process. Meanwhile the consumer used 18 criteria, 5 points each, total of 90 points to assess the engineering training process. The scores from both groups are well above 80% which pass the requirement. The plot on the spider chart indicates the strength and weakness of students. By comparing the scores between groups, it is learned that the producer and consumer may perceive the quality of students differently. The results are useful for the development or improvement of civil engineering curriculum, process and teaching method to response to the need of consumers.
ทัศนีย์ จันทร์เชื้อแถว
Observations from Engineering Training of Civil Engineering Students A Case Study of Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University
Engineering training is aimed to provide students with opportunity to learn the real working condition in order to prepare them for the future career. All civil engineering curriculum in Thai universities have an engineering training course as required by the Thai Council of Engineers. This article studies the behavior of training students on many angles including the chosen organizations, the real training sites, characteristics of training organizations, characteristics of training sites and compensation. The data source is from the 2561 B.E. engineering training database, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University. The analysis results show that most students were trained in civil engineering-related organizations. They chose their own training organizations. Students did not know the training site in advance. They usually went to be trained at the different site from the chosen organization. Most students received compensation. The transportation was quite convenient, possibly because they chose their own training organizations or they relocated to stay near the training sites. The results implied that students optimizes the choice of training sites by considering combination of factors such as location and compensation. Having known the needs and behaviors of students, the study results are very useful for improving the preparation of training organizations to increase the efficiency of engineering training.
Effectiveness of the Production of Master Graduates in Environmental Engineering and Water Resources (International Program) at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University
Currently, many Thai and foreign academic institutions are offering master degree in environmental engineering and water resources Including Mahidol University which opened in 2005 This study is aimed to assess the production effectiveness of the master graduates in this discipline. The data is from the database of master students who graduated during 2552 – 2562 B.E. from the Environmental Engineering and Water Resources program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University. The descriptive statistics are analyzed. The analysis results showed that most master graduates could not complete the degree within two years as written in the curriculum. Foreign students tend to perform academically better than Thai counterparts and spent shorter average time to complete the degree. Possibly, it is because foreign students went through more rigorous selection process or had more constraints or has higher motivation to speed up their graduation for not being to reside in Thailand forever. The study results may indicate the potential of various target student groups. The master programs in environmental engineering and water resources can benefit from this findings for improving the effectiveness of their master graduate production.
Characteristics of target students of the Master of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (International Program), at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University
Presently, graduate study programs in Thailand are facing high competition, from inside the same university, other universities and abroad. The identification of target market is therefore especially important for recruiting incoming qualified students. This study is aimed to analyze the samples of students who attended the master study program in environmental and water resources engineering at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University during 2553 – 2562 B.E. school years. The database from the program and the Graduate School were used for the analysis. The results show that majority of student age is between 22 – 30 years old. Most of them are recently graduates less than 2 years. There are more male than female students. The program has about 33.33% international students. Most of them were from the Southeast Asian countries and received some form of financial scholarship. Their bachelor’s degrees are diversified. About 22.22% of them have a civil engineering degree. Almost all of them are our civil engineering alumni. The results imply that alumni is an important target market for the program and financial scholarship is an effective recruiting tool. This study helps the program to strategically plan its recruitment.
Development of online skill training package on force system and equilibrium for engineering students of RUTS
The purpose of this research was 1) to develop the online skill training package on Force system and Equilibrium in subject code 04-411-101 Engineering Mechanics 1 and 2) to study and assess learning achievement. The samples selected by purposive random sampling comprised 2 groups of the 1st and 2nd year of civil engineering students, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya divided into 2 groups; 33 students in experimental group and 27 students in control group. Research instruments for the study consisted of 1) a Pre-test 2) a Post-test and 3) an online skill training package. The collection data were analyzed by Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test dependent. The results showed that, 1) the developed online skill training package included 44 questions of selection type and matching questions. 2) The developed online skill training package was an efficiency 83.6/63.0, which meets the 80/80 standard only the first set. 3) The experimental group had higher learning achievement than before learning at, but the achievement was not statistically significant different at the level .05 same as in the control group studied by normal methods. 4) The experimental group had higher post-learning achievement than the control group studied by normal methods, but the statistically significant different at the level .05.